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ID:461317
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页数:6页
时间:2017-08-05
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1、外文翻译原文Entrepreneurialuniversity:definitionandcharacteristicsMaterialsource:ScienceandPublicPolicy,35(9),November2008,pages637–646Author:ChunyanZhouandXumeiPengTheentrepreneurialuniversity,combiningteaching,researchandcontributionstoeconomicandsocialdevelopment,hasbeenidentifiedasthe
2、nextstageintheevolutionoftheuniversity(Etzkowitz,2002).IntheUS,thepathofuniversitydevelopmenthasproceededfromteachingtoresearchtoentrepreneurialinanapparentlylinearsequence.However,itmustbeasked,especiallyfordevelopingcountrieseagertospeedthepaceofbothacademicandeconomicdevelopment:
3、isthereanecessarysequencetoachievinganentrepreneurialformat?Mustdevelopmentofresearchcapabilitiesprecedeentrepreneurialactivitiesorcanacademicdevelopmentproceednonlinearlywithentrepreneurshipoccurringsimultaneouslywiththedevelopmentofresearchorevenpriortoit?Whatisanentrepreneurialun
4、iversityandhowcanitberealized?MassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MIT)andStanfordUniversityexemplifiedthatitmust:(1)beextrusive(verygood)athigh-techentrepreneurship;(2)haveacritical(quitestrong)influenceontheregionalindustryandeconomy.Theentrepreneurialuniversityisrootedintheevolutio
5、nofuniversitymissions.Thefirstacademicrevolutiongavebirthtotheuniversityresearchfunctionandthe‘researchuniversity’.Theemergenceofasocialservicefunctionand‘entrepreneurialuniversity’isthesecondacademicrevolution.Theuniversitiesnotonlyproduceanddiffuseknowledgebutalsoapplyittoindustri
6、alpractice,thuscreatingnewhigh-techindustries.Theseknowledgeapplicationsalsoimpeltheformationofanentrepreneurialuniversity.Suchauniversitycanspillitsnewtechnologiesoverintoindustrythroughconnectionswithindustries,suchasconsultancy,patentlicensingandtheformationoffirms.Inaddition,som
7、eexternalenvironmentalfactorsareneededtocreateanentrepreneurialuniversitysuchasgovernmentsupportandcollaborationswithindustry.Fromtheoriginsofmodernscienceinthe17thcenturythroughthedevelopmentofacademicscienceintheearly19thcentury,scientistshaveinterwovenresearchandpractice,fundamen
8、talinvestigationand
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