中考英语真题分类汇编 题型3 阅读理解 专项训练一 人物故事（含解析）

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　题型三　阅读理解时间：8～10分钟/篇　　分值：2分/小题Passage1(xx黄冈)Oneday,Mr.Liwasreadingabookinhisofficeafterschool.Tohissurprise,aballflewinsuddenlyandhurthimonthehead.Hetooktheballtothewindow,butheonlysawagroupofboystudentsrunningawayquicklyanddisappearinginaminute.Hesatdownagainandcontinuedhisreading.Asitgotdark,itwastimeforhimtoleaveforhome.Lookingattheball,hewonderedwhattodowithit.Heknewtheowneroftheballmustbenearbyandwishedtogetitback.Hewentdownstairsandwalkedtotheplayground.Itwasatthecenteroftheplaygroundthatheplacedtheballwithapieceofpaper,onwhichhewrote“Becarefulnexttime！”.Thenhewalkedaway.Thenextmorning,asMr.Liopenedtheofficedoor,hefoundthesamepieceofpaperonthefloor.Somewordswereaddedafterhiswords:“Thankyouforyourkindness.Anyway,youareacleverfellow.”(　　)1.WhathappenedwhileMr.Liwasreadinginhisoffice?A.Thewindowwasbrokenbyaball.B.Aballhurthimonthehead.C.Aballhitthewindow.D.Thedoorwasbrokenbyaball.(　　)2.Whydidtheowneroftheballrunawayquickly?A.HewasafraidofMr.Li.　B.Hewantedtogettheballback.C.Hewantedtogohome.D.Hewenttolookfortheball.(　　)3.HowdidMr.Lidealwiththeball?A.Hetookithome.B.Heputitinhisoffice.C.Heputitbackontheplayground.D.Hehadnoideaaboutit.(　　)4.Accordingtothepassage,wecanknowthat________．A.Mr.LiisinterestedinreadingB.Mr.LiistoohardonhisstudentsC.Mr.LiisgoodatplayingsportsD.Mr.LiisacleverteacherwithkindnessPassage2(xx安徽)Whilemanyyoungpeoplewereenjoyingthesummervacation,ZachBonnerwasworkinghishardest.ZachstartedwalkingfromValrico,Florida,hishometown,onChristmas,xx.HereachedLosAngelesninemonthslaterinSeptember,xx.Hecoveredatotalof2，478milesandraised$120，000forkidsinneed.Alongtheway,Zachattendedschoolonline.Hismother,brotherandsistertookturnstowalkordrivetogetherwithhim. Althoughheisveryyoung,Zachhasalonghistoryofhelpingothers.Whenaterriblestormhittownin2004,Zach,whensix,pulledawagon(小推车)throughhiscommunityandcollectedfoodforpeopleinneed.Hehasraised$400，000forhisLittleRedWagonFoundationsincethen.Itgivesmoneytoprojectswhichhelphomelesschildren.Inxx,Zachbeganwalkingtosupportachildren'scharity(慈善组织)inTampa,Florida.Hefinishedhisjourney23dayslater,280milesawayinTallahassee.Theninthesummerofxx,hetrekkedabout670milesfromAtlantatoWashington,D．C.,injusttwomonths.“Aslongastherearehomelesskids,Iwillneverstopwalkingforthem.”Zachsays.(　　)1.WhatdidZachdoduringthesummervacationinxx?A.Hestayedathometolookafterhisfamily.B.Hetravelledtohishometownwithhisfamily.C.Hejoinedinaschoolactivitywithotherkids.D.Hewalkedtocollectmoneyforkidsinneed.(　　)2.WecanlearnfromParagraph2thatZach________．A.begantohelppeopleataveryearlyageB.mademoneytopayforhiseducationC.enjoyedplayingaroundinhiscommunityD.workedveryhardforhisfamily(　　)3.AtwhatagedidZachstartwalkingtosupportaTampachildren'scharity?A.Atsix.　B.Atnine.　C.Ateleven.　D.Attwelve.(　　)4.Theunderlinedword“trekked”inParagraph3probablymeans“________”．A.延伸B.挖掘C.跋涉D.飞行(　　)5.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesZach?A.Friendlyandshy.B.Sillybutlovely.C.Kindandhelpful.D.Cleverbutlazy.Passage3(xx北京)FromNobodytoSomebodyBrianwasafunnystudent.Helovedwatchingcomedies(喜剧)bestandhopedtobecomeacomedyactoroneday.Whenheheardaboutthetalentshowtobeheldathisschool,Briandecidedtotakepartin.Hehadneveractedonstage(舞台)before,andhewasveryexcited.Butsomestudentslaughedathim.“Youarenotfunnybutsilly，”Ken,oneofhisclassmates,saidtohisface.“Noonewilllikewhatyoudo，”anotherboyalsosaidtohim,loudly.Briancouldn'tunderstandwhytheyweresounkindtohim.Foramoment,hethoughtaboutgivinguptheshow.Butherememberedhowmuchhisfriendslikedhisjokes, andalsohisteacherssaidhewasveryfunny.Sohedecidedtopreparefortheshow.Briandidagreatjobatthetalentshow.Everyonelovedhisperformance,andhewonthefirstprize!Histeachersandfriendswereproudofhim.Evenso,KentoldBrianthathewasnotfunny,andthathewouldneverbesuccessful.Briandidn'tunderstandwhyKensaidso,butherealizedthatithadnothingtodowithhim.Heconfidentlycontinuedtoworktowardshisgoal.Astheyearswenton,BrianmetmorepeoplelikeKen.“You'lldoaterriblejob，”theysaidtohim.Luckily,mostpeopleencouragedhimandsomehelpedhimtobecomeevenfunnier.Hegotalotofopportunitiestoperforminmovies.Hewaseveninvitedtoappearontelevision.Hisfansthankedhimbecausehiscomediesmadethemfeelgoodwhentheywereunhappy.NowBrianisabigcomedystar!Heisdoingwhathelovesbest.Heneverfeelsstressedlikethoseunkindpeople,andhelaughsalldaylong!(　　)1.WhatdidBrianlovebestwhenhewasastudent?A.Goingtoschool.B.Helpingclassmates.C.Watchingcomedies.D.Meetingnewfriends.(　　)2.Briandecidedtopreparefortheshowbecause________．A.hisfriendslikedhisjokesB.hewasinvitedbyaTVstationC.hewasn'tbusyactinginmoviesD.Kenwasexpectinghisperformance(　　)3.Afterwinningthefirstprize,Brian________．A.begantounderstandKenB.becameateacherofactingC.encouragedotherstojoinhimD.continuedtoworktowardshisgoal(　　)4.Brian'sfansthankedhimbecausehiscomediesbroughtthem________．A.successB.happinessC.luckD.pridePassage4(xx东营)Wehaveheardaboutpeoplewhohavespecialmemories.RecentlytherehasbeenareportaboutawomanfromAustraliawhocanrememberalmosteverydetail(细节)ofalltheeventsinherdailylife.RebeccaSharrock,25,isoneofjust80peopleworldwidewhohavebeenindentified(确定)ashavingHighlySuperiorAutobiographicalMemory(HSAM，超级自传体记忆症).Itmeansshecanremembereverysmallevent—whichmostpeoplewouldforgetwithin(在……以内)days—asifithadhappenedjustminutesago.“Iremembermymumputtingmeinthedriver'sseatofacarandtakingapictureofmewhenIwas12daysold，”shesaid.“That'smyearliestmemory.Iremembereverydaysincethen.Ican'ttellallthedatesexactlybecauseIwastooyoungtounderstandcalendars,butIrememberwhatIdidthatveryday,whattheweatherwaslikeandsoon.”Rebeccacanalsoreexperiencetaste.Ifshe'seatingsomethingthatshedoesn'tlike,shethinksaboutBlackForestcake,herfavoritefood,andthememorywillbesostrongthatshecannearly“taste”it. However,sometimeshermemoriesprove(证明)tobepainful.Becausethey'renotjusteventsthatsheremembers.“WhenIrelive(再体验)memories,thefeelingsreturn,too，”Rebeccasaid.“Forexample,IrememberfallingoverwhenIwasthreeatmygrandparents'houseandhurtingmyleftknee.Talkingaboutitnow,Ifeelpainfulinmyleftknee.”“Atnight,Ihavetosleepwiththeradio/recorderandasoftlighton，”sheadded.“Ifit'stoodarkorquiet,mymindwouldbefilledwithallthesememoriesandIcan'tsleep.”(　　)1.WhichisNOTTRUEaboutRebecca?A.Shehasspecialmemories.B.SheisfromAustralia.C.Sheis25yearsold.D.Shecanremembereverydetailofalltheevents.(　　)2.WhathappenedtoRebeccaonthedaywhenshewas3yearsold?A.ShewasidentifiedashavingHSAM.B.Hermotherputherinacarandtookapictureofher.C.Shestartedtounderstandcalendars.D.Shehurtherleftkneeathergrandparents'.(　　)3.Wheneversheisrelivinghermemories,________．A.sheishappyB.sheexperiencesthefeelingsagainC.shefeelspaininherkneesD.shecantasteherfavoritefood(　　)4.WhatistheresultofhavingHSAM?A.Shecanremembereveryeventinherdailylife.B.Shecanreexperiencetaste.C.Shecanrelivefeelings.D.Alltheabove.(　　)5.Fromthepassage,wecaninfer(推断)that________．A.HSAMcandohergood,butitalsobringsherpainB.shefeelspainfulifsherecallsherexperiencesC.shecanfallasleepwhilesheisreexperiencingmemoriesD.HSAMcangreatlyimproveherlivingconditionsPassage5(xx江西)CarltonJosephisafashiondesigner(服装设计师),butnotjustanyfashiondesigner.Heappearsontelevision,hewritesbooks,andheownshisownfashionhouse.Bornin1980,Carltonstarteddesigningclotheswhenhewaseleven.Hisfatherownedaclothesstore,andCarltonusedtoworkthereattheweekend.Thenhedidadesigncourseatcollege. Whenhewas21,someonesuggesteddoingaTVprogram.Hemadehisfirstshow“Carlton'sClothes”in2004,andhewrotehisfirstbookinthesameyear.Sincethenhehaswrittenfourmore.CarltongotmarriedtoTVproducerSusanMillsinxx.Threemonthsago,Carltonstartedhisnewcompany.Hecalledit“Design:Carlton”．AtworkCarltonalwayswearsblacktrousersandablackcoat,butathome,orwhenhegoesout,hewearsclotheswithbrightcolors(red,blueandyellow).Heisespeciallycrazyaboutnewglasses,hebuysanewpaireveryfewweeks.“Iliketolookdifferenteveryday，”hesays.Carltonstartedwearingglasseswhenhewastwelve.Hedyed(给……染色)hishairredwhenhewas18.Itisstillred,andthisyear,forthefirsttime,hehasgrownabeard.“Mywifelikesit,_that'swhy”ishisexplanation.Buthisbeardisblack!(　　)1.HowoldwasCarltonwhenhewrotehisfirstbook?A.11.B.21.C.24.D.25.(　　)2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”referto?A.Carlton'shair.B.Carlton'sbeard.C.Carlton'scoat.D.Carlton'scompany.(　　)3.WhatisthemainideaofParagraph5?A.Carltonlikestolookdifferent.B.Carltonisahardworkingperson.C.Carltoniscrazyaboutnewglasses.D.Carltonloveswearingcolorfulclothes.(　　)4.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?A.Carltonisjustacommonfashiondesigner.B.Carltonstartedhisnewfashioncompanyinxx.C.CarltonmadehisfirstshowafterhegotmarriedtoSusan.D.Carltongotsomedesignexperiencebeforegoingtocollege.Passage6(xx无锡)ThisyeartheUSwillhonour(纪念)oneofthecountry'smostfamouswriters—MarkTwain(18351910).MostreadersknowthathisrealnamewasSamuelLonghorneClemens,buthowmanyknowwherethepenname“MarkTwain”camefrom?TheanswershowsClemens'colourfulearlylifebeforehebecameawriter.“MarkTwain”wasthecryshoutedonashipwhentheshipenteredapartofariverthatwastwofathoms(6feet)deep.“Twain”isanoldfashionedwayofsaying“two”.TwaintrainedasashippilotontheMississippiriverfortwoyears,atimethathewroteaboutinthehumorousLifeontheMississippi(1883)．Thefamousriverwouldbecomeanimportantthemeinmanyofhisworks—whocouldforgetthejourneyofHuckandJimalongitinhismostfamousbook,TheAdventuresofHuckleberryFinn(1884)?Withlittleeducation,hehadtoteachhimselfhowtowritestories.Wheneverpossible,hewouldgotopubliclibraries.Therehespentmuchtimereadingandthinking,whichgreatlyhelpedhimwithhiswriting.Ontheotherhand,hislifeexperiencesgavehimwonderfulmaterialtowriteaboutandattractreaders.Twainwroteinastylethathasbeencalled“localcolour” becauseitshowsgreatknowledgeoflocalpeopleandtheircustoms.ThisgiftisveryclearinthetwobooksforwhichTwainisstillcelebratedtoday：TheAdventuresofTomSawyer(1876)anditsfollowupTheAdventuresofHuckleberryFinn,whichmanypeoplecall“TheGreatAmericanNovel”．ThemostamazinginventioninthebookisthevoiceofHuckhimself.Huckdidnotenjoyschooling.Itshowsinthewayheuseslanguage,inaspokenstyle.OnlyamasterlikeTwaincouldcopythewayayoungsouthernboytalkedsowell.(　　)1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“gift”meaninthepassage?A.Twain'stalentforselfteaching.B.Twain's“localcolour”writingstyle.C.Twain'sgoodsenseofhumour.D.Twain'sexperiencesasashippilot.(　　)2.Accordingtothepassage,whatisthebestpartofTheAdventuresofHuckleberryFinn?A.Thedeepsocialmeaning.B.Theexcitinglifeexperiences.C.ThespecialwaythatHucktalks.D.TheniceviewoftheMississippi.(　　)3.Whichisthemostsuitableplaceinthepassageforthesentence,“Twaindidnotcomefromthewriter'sbackgroundyoumightexpect.”？A.AtthebeginningofParagraph2.B.AtthebeginningofParagraph3.C.AtthebeginningofParagraph4.D.AtthebeginningofParagraph5.(　　)4.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.MarkTwain'scareerasagreatwriter.B.MarkTwain'sinterestindescribinglocallife.C.MarkTwain'sachievementsinAmericanliteraturefield.D.MarkTwain'slifeexperienceswhichinfluencedhiswriting.Passage7(xx南京)RachelCarson(19071964)wasapioneeroftheworld'senvironmentalmovementthroughherwritingabouttheprotectionofthenaturalworld.Her1962bookSilentSpringmadeherwellknownbymanypeople.Itdescribestheharmfulchangesintheenvironmentofusingtoxic(有害的)chemicalsonfarmland.Carson'scareerstartedasabiologistintheUSBureauofFisheries.ln1951shepublishedherfirstbook,TheSeaAroundUs,whichbecameabestseller.Itmadeherrichenoughtoleaveherjobanddevoteherlifetowriting.Shewasagiftedwriter.Hernexttwobookswerealsoabouttheoceansandbothtoppedthebooksaleslists.Carson'sbookSilentSpringcompletelychangedthewayAmericathoughtabout nature.Itpaintedableak(荒凉的)futureforthewholenaturalworld.Itledtoanationwideban(禁止)ontheuseofadeadlychemicalcalledDDT,andothertoxicpesticides(农药)thatfarmersusedfortheircrops.ManypeoplesaythebookledtothecreationofAmerica'sEnvironmentalProtectionAgency.Sinceherdeath,Carson'snamehascontinuedtobeconnectedwithprotectingtheenvironment.ThereisnowayearlyRachelCarsonBookPrize.NorwayawardstheRachelCarsonPrizetowomenwhohavemadegreatcontributionstothefieldofenvironmentalprotection.In1980,16yearsafterherdeath,shewasawardedthePresidentialMedalofFreedom,thehighestcivilianhonourinAmerica.(　　)1.WhathappenedtoRachelCarsonin1962?A.Shestartedtowritebooks.B.Shegaveupworkingasabiologist.C.HerbookTheSeaAroundUssoldwell.D.HerbookSilentSpringmadeherfamous.(　　)2.WhatmostprobablymadeRachelCarsonleaveherjob?A.Shegotanaward.B.ShepublishedSilentSpring.C.TheSeaAroundUsbroughtherenoughmoney.D.TheUSgovernmenttooknoticeofherresearches.(　　)3.WhyisthebookSilentSpringimportanttoAmerica'senvironmentalprotection?A.Itdescribesasilentspring.B.Ittoppedthebooksaleslists.C.ItchangedhowAmericathoughtaboutnature.D.ItincludesallCarson'sresearchachievements.(　　)4.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“It”inParagraph3mean?A.ThebookSilentSpring.B.ThewayAmericathought.C.TheUSBureauofFisheries.D.America'sEnvironmentalProtectionAgency.(　　)5.WhywasRachelCarsonawardedthePresidentialMedalofFreedom?A.ShepublishedthebookSilentSpring.B.ShedidalotofresearchesfortheUSBureauofFisheries.C.ShedonatedmuchmoneytotheRachelCarsonBookPrize.D.Shemadegreatcontributionstotheenvironmentalprotection. 题型三阅读理解专项训练一人物故事Passage1【主旨大意】本文是一篇记叙文。李老师在办公室被飞进来的球砸到，他以留纸条的方式将球归还给犯错的学生。这说明李老师既聪明又善良。1.B2.A3.C4.DPassage2【主旨大意】本文是一篇记叙文。Zach是个乐于助人的年轻人，从很小的时候就开始帮助别人。现在他通过徒步的方式筹款，帮助无家可归的孩子们。1.D2.A3.B4.C5.CPassage3【主旨大意】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了布莱恩喜欢喜剧并立志成为喜剧演员，但他的梦想却被同学嘲笑。他不忘初心，抓住机会；坚持梦想，获得成功。1.C2.A3.D4.BPassage4【主旨大意】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了传奇人物丽贝卡·夏洛克的故事。她能记住日常生活中所有事件的细节，但这种超常的记忆力给她带来的并不都是甜蜜。1.D2.D3.B4.D5.APassage5【主旨大意】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了与众不同的服装设计师CarltonJoseph的故事。1.C【解析】数字计算题。题干意为：当Carlton写第一本书的时候他多少岁了？根据第三段的“...in2004,andhewrotehisfirstbookinthesameyear.”可知，他2004年写了第一本书。又根据第二段第一句可知，他出生于1980年。因此他写第一本书时是24岁。故选C。2.B【解析】代词指代题。题干意为：划线单词“it”指的是什么？根据最后一段的“...hehasgrownabeard.‘Mywifelikesit...’”可知，it指代Carlton的胡子。故选B。3.A【解析】段落大意题。题干意为：第五段的主旨大意是什么？第五段通过叙述Carlton的穿着和对眼镜的痴迷来叙述Carlton喜欢看起来与众不同。故选A。4.D【解析】推理判断题。题干意为：根据短文，下面哪一项是正确的？根据第二段“...Carltonstarteddesigning...atcollege.”可知，他在上大学前就有服装设计经验了。故选D。Passage6【主旨大意】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了美国伟大的作家马克·吐温的生活经历。而这种经历深深地影响了他的作品，为他的作品打上了“地方色彩”的烙印。1.B【解析】词义猜测题。题干意为：本文中，划线词“gift”意思是什么？上一段主要说明了马克·吐温作品的“localcolour”，而“Thisgiftisveryclear...”是承接上一段，所以gift应是指localcolour。故选B。2.C【解析】推理判断题。题干意为：根据短文，哪一个是《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》最精彩的部分？根据最后一段第一句“ThemostamazinginventioninthebookisthevoiceofHuckhimself.”可知选C。3.C【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：“Twaindidnotcomefromthewriter'sbackgroundyoumightexpect.”最适合放在短文哪里？根据文章第四段第一句话可知， 马克吐温几乎没有受过教育，他是通过自学成才的，所以需要把这段话放到第四段开头作为引文过渡衔接。1.D【解析】主旨大意题。题干意为：本文主要讲述了什么？纵观全文，本文前两段概述了马克·吐温名字的来历，后五段叙述了马克·吐温的经历以及其这些经历对他的作品的影响。实际上，马克·吐温名字的来历也是其经历的一部分，所以本文主要概括了马克·吐温的经历以及他的经历对其作品的影响。故选D。Passage7【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了美国著名的海洋生物学家蕾切尔·卡逊的生平事迹，她的作品《寂静的春天》开启了美国以至于全世界的环境保护事业，1980年——她去世16年后，被追授“总统自由勋章”。1.D【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：在1962年蕾切尔·卡逊发生了什么事情？由文章第一段第二句“Her1962bookSilentSpringmadeherwellknownbymanypeople.”可知，在1962年，她的作品《寂静的春天》使她出名。故选D。2.C【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：是什么最可能让蕾切尔·卡逊放弃了她的工作？由文章第二段第三句“Itmadeherrichenoughtoleaveherjobanddevoteherlifetowriting.”可知，她的书给她带来足够的钱可以让她专心写作。故选C。3.C【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：为什么《寂静的春天》对美国环境保护来说很重要？由文章第三段第一句“Carson'sbookSilentSpringcompletelychangedthewayAmericathoughtaboutnature.”可知，《寂静的春天》完全改变了美国考虑自然的方式，所以它对美国环境保护来说很重要。故选C。4.A【解析】代词指代题。题干意为：划线单词“It”在第三段指的是什么？由It前一句“Carson'sbookSilentSpringcompletelychangedthewayAmericathoughtaboutnature.”可知，It指代《寂静的春天》这本书。故选A。5.D【解析】推理判断题。题干意为：为什么蕾切尔·卡逊被授予“总统自由勋章”？从整篇文章来看，蕾切尔·卡逊改变了美国考虑环境的方式，她抵制DDT等有害化学药品，为世界环境做出了非常巨大的贡献，所以被授予“总统自由勋章”。故选D。