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1、狄福《大疫年紀事》中神/人與宗教/理性間的對話張惠慈摘要??狄福的《大疫年紀事》,由第一人稱敘述者,H.F.,一位居住在倫敦的商人,描寫一六六五年,鼠疫流行於倫敦,死亡迫近之際,所眼見的可怕景象,及所經歷的心靈轉變。對於瘟疫降臨倫敦,H.F.反覆於兩種截然不同的論點。他一方面相信宗教論述,認為瘟疫來自於神對世人作惡的懲罰,另一方面又相信醫學論述,認為疾病來自世俗人物接觸的傳染。H.F.明顯地主張矛盾,態度游移。本文之研究目的,即在探索狄福於《大疫年紀事》中所呈現的矛盾與游移,探討H.F.於倫敦瘟疫流行之際,面對疾病與死亡之時,同
2、時對於神與人的信賴與懷疑:到底是無形萬能的神,能將人類由瘟疫死神手中解救出來,還是人類得依靠自己所發展出的科學實驗與理性辯證,才能擺脫瘟疫的肆虐。本文希望透過對英國啟蒙時期的科學、哲學、與文藝的發展,瞭解當時科學與宗教的衝突與協調,以期解釋狄福文中矛盾的合理性,以及其猶疑不定的成因。本研究的結論是,《大疫年紀事》的矛盾實際上既和諧也合理,起因於十八世紀啟蒙時期,科學興起,宗教式微之際,知識份子對理性主義與基督上帝雙重信仰的結果。關鍵詞:狄福,《大疫年紀事》,啟蒙時期,理性主義,科學(自然哲學),基督宗教Dialoguesbetw
3、eenGodandMan:ReligionandReasoninDanielDefoe’sAJournalofthePlagueYearHeui-tszChangAbstractInDanielDefoe’sAJournalofthePlagueYear,thefirst-personnarrator,H.F.,abusinessmaninLondon,depictsthehorroroftheapproachingdeathandhisspiritualconversionduringtheplagueyearof1665.C
4、onfrontingtheunknowndisease,H.F.repeatedlychangeshisstatementsbetweentwodifferentbeliefs.Ononehand,hebelievesinthereligiousdiscourse,takingtheplagueasapunishmentfromtheangryGod,andontheotherhand,hebelievesinthemedicaldiscourse,assumingtheplagueacontagiousdiseasesprea
5、dbyphysicalcontactsbetweenpeople.Obviously,H.F.’sstatementscontradicteachother,andthisessaywillanalyzetheinconsistenciesinhisideas.ThisstudywillfocusonH.F.’ssimultaneousbeliefanddoubtinbothGodandmen;sometimeshewonderswhethertheomnipotentGodwillsavemenfromthedreadfuln
6、essoftheplague,atothertimeshelookstohumanmanipulationofscienceandreasontorescuethesufferingmenfromthehandsofDeath.Lookingintothescientific,philosophical,andintellectualprogressesduringtheEnglishEnlightenment,thispaperhopestoexaminetheoddrelationshipbetweenreligionand
7、scienceandexplainwhytheycouldconflictwitheachotherbutstillcoexistharmoniously.ThisessayproposesthatH.F.’scontradictingbeliefsarereasonableintheEnlightenment,becausethereligiousandscientificbeliefsweresuperimposingeachotherintheagewhentheauthorityofsciencewasrisingand
8、thebeliefintheChristianGodwasbeingchallenged.Keywords:DanielDefoe,AJournalofthePlagueYear,Enlightenment,reason,science(naturalphilo