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1、Issue31"Moneyspentonresearchisalmostalwaysagoodinvestment,evenwhentheresultsofthatresearcharecontroversial.*'Iagreewiththespeaker'sbroadassertionthatmoneyspentonresearchisgenerallymoneywellinvested.However,thespeakerunnecessarilyextendsthisbroadassertiontoembraceresearchw
2、hoseresultsare”controversial,"whileignoringcertaincompelling引人注目reasonswhysometypesofresearchmightbeunjustifiable.Mypointsofcontentionwiththespeakerinvolvethefundamentalobjectivesandnatureofresearch,asdiscussedbelow.Iconcedethatthespeakerisonthecorrectphilosophicalsideoft
3、hisissue.Afterall,researchistheexplorationoftheunknownfortrueanswerstoourquestions,andforlastingsolutionstoourenduringproblems.Researchisalsothechiefmeansbywhichwehumansattempttosatisfyourinsatiable不知足的appetiteforknowledge,andourcravingtounderstandourselvesandtheworldarou
4、ndus.丫et,intheverynotionresearchalsoliesmyfirstpointofcontentionwiththespeaker,whoillogicallypresumesthatwecanknowtheresultsofresearchbeforeweinvestinit.Tothecontrary,ifresearchistobeofanyvalueitmustexploreunchartedandunpredictableterritory.Infact,querywhetherresearchwhos
5、ebenefitsareimmediateandpredictablecanbreakanynewground,orwhetheritcanbeconsidered"research"atall.Whilewemustinvestinresearchirrespectiveofwhethertheresultsmightbecontroversial,atthesametimeweshouldbecircumspectaboutresearchwhoseobjectivesaretoovagueandwhosepotentialbenef
6、itsaretoospeculative.Afterall,expensiveresearchalwayscarriessignificantopportunitycosts--intermsof什艮据,按照,用…的话,在…方血)howthemoneymightbespenttowardaddressingsociety'smoreimmediateproblemsthatdonotrequireresearch.Oneaptillustrationofthispointinvolvestheso-called"StarWars"defe
7、nseinitiative,championedbytheReaganadministrationduringthe1980s.Inretrospect,thisinitiative侣议wasill-conceivedandlargelyawas怕oftaxpayerdollars;andfewwoulddisputethattheexorbitantamountofmoneydevotedtotheinitiativecouldhavegonealongwaytowardaddressingpressingsocialproblemso
8、ftheday-byestablishingafter-schoolprogramsfordelinquentlatchkeykids,byenhancingAIDSawarenessande