从属结构一 L 31_Subordination

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1、Lecture4SUBORDINATION(I)从句（1）1Coordinationandsubordination并列和从属Subordinators从属连词Subordinateclauses(finite)限定从属从句NotesonAdverbialclauses状语从句小贴士Subordination从属2CoordinationandSubordinationSection13Theyaretwodevices手段forcombiningandrelating关联ideas.Thesea

2、recommonlyusedtoconnectwords,phrases,clausesorsentencesinordertoestablishvarioussemanticrelationships语义关系.Generallyspeaking,coordinationestablishesarelationshipbetweenideasofapproximatelyequalimportance,whilesubordinationestablishesakindofrelationship

3、whichindicatesthatoneideaismoreimportantthantheother.CoordinationandSubordination并列和从属4CoordinationandSubordination并列和从属Coordination（并列结构）equalimportance相同的重要性雨停了，太阳出来了。Therainstopped,andthesuncameout.Subordination（从属结构）oneideaismoreimportantthantheot

4、her句子内部重要性有高下雨停的时候，太阳出来了。Whentherainstopped,thesuncameout.5Whatissubordination?从属Subordinationmeansputtingagrammaticalunitinalowerrankorlessimportantposition.Words,phrases,andclausesthatmakeoneelementofasentencedependenton(orsubordinateto)another.Them

5、anwithaguninhishandisamurderer.Themanwithaguninhishandisamurderer.Themanwhowasholdingaguninhishandisamurderer.Themanwhowasholdingaguninhishandisamurderer.6Waysofsubordinatingminorideas把次要思想置于从属地位的方法Itisageneralpracticetoputthemainideainthemainclause主句

6、andtheminorideainadependentclause从句（=subordinateclause）.Therearevariouswaysofsubordinatingminorideas,whichmaybeexpressedbyafiniteclause限定从属分句ornon-finiteclause非限定从属分句orverblessclause无动词分句.7Finiteclausesforshowingminorideas限定从属分句Beforeshecouldanswerthe

7、telephone,itstoppedringing.Mainidea:itsoppedringing.Minoridea:beforeshecouldanswerthetelephone.出身于下层社会的大家庭的约翰，今年秋天考入了大学。John,whocomesfromalarge,lower-classfamily,enrolledincollegethisfall.8Finiteclausesforshowingminorideas我们准备做些让步。Wearepreparedtomakec

8、ertainconcessions.我们发现难以容忍损失。Wefindithardtoputupwiththeloss.EmphasizingIdeaAAlthough/Though/Eventhough/Whilewefindithardtoputupwiththeloss,wearepreparedtomakecertainconcessions.Finiteclausesforshowingminorideas限定从属分句9Finiteclausesforshowingmin