语法——从属结构一教学内容.ppt

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1、语法——从属结构一名词性分句名词性分句能在句中起名词词组的作用，可以在句中作主语、宾语、主语补语、同位语和介词补足成分。That从句作主语That从句是由陈述句转化而来的。正式文体中可以将它置于句首作主语，通常采用it作先行主语，将that从句放在后面。例如：Thatyoudonotlikeherhasnothingtodowithit.It’spossiblethatthere’llbeavacancy.Itisreportedthatthetroopshavealreadycrossedtheborder.That从句作补足语That从句也可以

2、在系动词后作补足语，说明事实或想法。例如：Myadviceisthatyoushouldsellthecar.Theanswerissimplythattheyaren’tinterestedindoingit.That从句作宾语That从句最普通的用法是作某些动词的宾语。例如：Hecomplainedthathismealwascold.Evidenceindicatedthattheexperimentswereunsuccessful.少数几个介词后可以接that从句充当宾语，如exceptthat,butthat,savethat,inth

3、at：Ipreferhisplantoyours,inthathisismorepractical.WeknownothingabouthersavethathersurnameisJones.That从句作同位语同位语从句用于解释说明先行词的内容，通常由that引导，除此外还可用whether,what等疑问词。例如：Wecametothedecisionthatwemustactatonce.Hemadeaproposalthatthemeetingbepostponed.thefactthat…是较常见的同位语结构，例如：Thefacttha

4、thehasnotbeenseenrecentlydisturbseverybodyintheoffice.Hewasheldresponsibleforthefactthathisdoghadbittenhisneighbor.Itisimpossibletodisguisethefactthatbusinessisbad.Thefactthat常置于句首充当主语，也可置于某些不能直接跟that从句的介词或动词之后充当宾语。That的省略问题That从句充当主语、补语、同位语时，一般不省略。That从句充当宾语时，如果前面的动词为常用动词，tha

5、t往往可以省略，如果前面的动词为较正式、不常用的动词，that不宜省略。例如：Shesaid(that)shewasfeelingbetter.Thejudgeheldthatthechild'sinterestsinthiscasemustcomefirst.当一个句子有多个that从句充当宾语时，第一个that可以省略，但后面的that不能省略。例如：Hetoldme(that)hewouldgofishingtomorrowafternoonandthathewouldinviteMarytogowithhim.Whether/if从句Whe

6、ther/if从句是由一般疑问句转化而来的间接问句，采用陈述句的语序。例如：Sheaskedwhether/ifIcouldspeakFrench.Shedidn’tsayshe’dgoorstayathome.Tellmeyoulikeitornot.Iamwonderingornotwewillgetthereintime.Tellmetodoit.Ididn'tknowtobelievehimornot.whether/ifwhether/ifWhether和if都可与or或ornot连用，但whether可以直接后随ornot，if不行。w

7、hetherwhetherwhetherWhether后可直接跟不定式，if不行。hewillagreeisanothermatter.Itwasuncertainhecouldcome.Thequestionispeoplewillbuyit.IworryaboutIhavelockedthedoor.Theboardwilltalkovertheproblemitshouldinvestintheprojectornot.在容易引起歧义的句子，不要用if代替whether。例如：Letmeknowifyouintendtocome.Whethe

8、rwhetherwhetherwhether充当主语、主语补语、介词宾语，引导同位语时，应该用whether，不宜用if。