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ID:44280585
大小:251.00 KB
页数:10页
时间:2019-10-20
《Social Classes in America》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在行业资料-天天文库。
1、ClassStructureinAmericaBackgroundUSskippedoverfeudalism.USwasneverdominatedbyahereditarynobleclassinitshistory.Mostoftheearlyimmigrantswerepoorandcultivatedtheirgloriouslaborethicsandfirmbeliefinequality.AmericanValuesAmericanstendtojudgeamanbytheprogresshehas
2、madefromwherehestarts.Self-madepeoplearerespected.ThoughsomesuccessfulAmericansarefromhumblefamilies,manypoorAmericanshaveremainedpoorforgenerations.CharacteristicsThecomplexityisfromAmerica’sparticularconditions:Americans’livingstandardforaveragepeopleisveryh
3、igh;Manydifferentethnicgroupsandlong-standingracialdiscriminationexists;Mostofthemiddle-classAmericans,despitetheirhighincomeandcomfortablelife,arealsoworkers;Americansocietyisa“fluid”or“mobile”society;ManyAmericansareshareholdersofdifferentkinds;Thestandardof
4、livingisrelative.TheUpper,Middle,andLowerClassesUpper-classAmericans:therichestfifthAmericanpopulationMiddle-classAmericans:makeupmorethan50%ofthetotalAmericanpopulationLower-class:mostareblacks,HispanicsandnewimmigrantsUpper-classAmericanstherichestfifthAmeri
5、canpopulationcontrolsabout65%ofthenation’sprivatewealth,mainlyintheformofcorporatestock;theyconstituteapowerfulpressuregroupintheUnitedStatesandhaveagreatinfluenceonthegovernmentpolicy.TheEstablishment(thePrivileged):WASPMiddle-classAmericans“theupper-middlecl
6、ass”and“thelower-middleclass”aredifferentterms;white-collarworkers;withgoodeducation;relymoreontheirbrainthanontheirmuscletomakealiving;TheImportanceofMiddleClassIneconomy:thelargestblocofconsumersintheUnitedStatesInpoliticstheyarealsoimportantbecausetheyholdt
7、helargestnumberofvotesinelections.Lower-classAmericansbluecollarworkers(manual);educationalleveliscomparativelylow.ThepoorestAmericans:about13%ofAmericanfamilieslivebelowthegovernment’sofficial“povertyline”--below$18244peryearforeachfamilyoffour(2008).MatthewE
8、ffect(马太效应)Insociology,theMattheweffect(oraccumulatedadvantage)isthephenomenonwhere"therichgetricherandthepoorgetpoorer".Thosewhopossesspowerandeconomicorsocialcapitalcanleverageth
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