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1、1.文科段子：艺术类音乐ItmayseemstrangethatweTediscussingmusicfromaBroadwayproductioninthisclass，”TheLionKing”especially,sinceit'sbasedonapopularHollywoodmovie.ImeanmusicpreformedforBroadwaytheaterintheheartofNewYorkcitysurelywouldseemtobeinthewesterntraditionofpopularmusicandnothavemuchincommonwiththe
2、musicwehavebeenstudyinginthiscourse,suchasgamelanmusicofIndonesia,orZuluchantsofSouthAfrica,musicthatdevelopedoutsidethewesterntraditionofEuropeandAmerica.Butinfact,musicianshavealong-standingtraditionofborrowingfrontoneanothefscultures.Andthisproduction^directorintentionallyincludedbothwest
3、ernandnon-westernmusic.Thatway,someoftherhythms,instrument,andharmoniestypicalofnon-westernmusiccontrastwithandcomplementpopularmusicmorefamiliartoaudiencesinNorthAmericaandEurope,musiclikerock,jazzorBroadwaystyleshowtunes.SoIwanttospendtherestofthisclassandmostofthenextoneonthemusicfromthes
4、how"TheLionKingHasawayofsummarizingsomeofthetechnicaldistinctionsbetweentypicalwesternmusicandthenon-westernmusicthatwe'vebeenstudying.NowtheAfricaninfluenceonthemusicisclear.ThestorytakesplaceinAfrica.SothedirectorgotaSouthAfricancomposertowritesongswithadistinctlyAfricansound.Andthesongsev
5、enincludewordsfromAfricanlanguages.ButwellgetbacktotheAfricaninfluencelater.Firstlet'sturntothemusicthatwaswrittenfortheshadowpuppetscenesin"TheLionKing”，musicbasedontheIndonesianmusicusedintheshadowpuppettheaterofthatregion2.理科段子：天文学Inancienttimes,manypeoplebelievedtheearthwasaflatdisc.Well
6、over2,000yearsago;theancientGreekphilosopherswereabletoputforwardtwogoodargumentsprovingthatitwasnot.Directobservationsofheavenlybodieswerethebasisofboththesearguments.First,theGreeksknewthatduringeclipsesofthemoontheearthwasbetweenthesunandthemoon,andtheysawthatduringtheseeclipses,theearth'
7、sshadowonthemoonwasalwaysround,theyrealizedthatthiscouldbetrueonlyiftheearthwasspherical,Ittheearthwasaflatdisc,thenitsshadowduringeclipseswouldnotbeaprefectcircle;itwouldbestretchedoutintoalongellipse.ThesecondargumentwasbasedonwhattheGreekssawdur
