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1、第二周预习思考题1、有机化合物命名的一般步骤怎样？母体如何选择？各种基团（官能团）的英文词头或词尾的变化规律如何？2、各种碳氢化合物的稳定性如何？芳香性与共振论是怎么回事？如何画极限共振结构式，并判断它们的能量高低？3、化合物结构与物理性质的关系如何？4、非共价弱作用力有哪些？第二章碳氢化合物Hydrocarbon第二章重点讲解问题1.碳氢化合物的命名（以烷烃和环烷烃为例）2.碳氢化合物的稳定性3.共轭烯烃、芳香性与共振论和分子轨道理论4.碳氢化合物的物理性质与分子间作用力关系2.1碳氢化合物的分类与命
2、名2.1.1ClassificationofhydrocarbonAlkanesandCycloalkanesAlkenes(cisandtrans)(ZandE)ConjugateddienesAromatichydrocarbonsAlkynes2.1碳氢化合物的分类与命名2.1.2RepresentingMoleculesMolecularformulaCH4HaStickfigureHCHaLewisdotstructureHaSawhorserepresentation2.1碳氢化合物的分类与
3、命名2.1.3通式与不饱和度（环的数目）SaturatedHydrocarbons:CnH2n+2Foraformula:CnHmDegreeofunsaturated=(2n+2-m)/2Ifitisacycloalkane,thedegreeofunsaturatedequalstothenumberofring2.1.4NomenclatureCommonNameandSystematicNameCH4CH3CH3CH3CH2CH3MethaneEthanePropaneCH3CH2CH2CH3C
4、H3CHCH3CH3C.N.n-butaneisobutaneS.N.Butane2-methylpropane2.1.4NomenclatureCH3CH2CH2CH2CH3PentaneCH3CHCH2CH3isopentane,2-methylbutaneCH3CH3CH3CCH3neopentane,2,2-dimethylpropaneCH32.1.4NomenclatureCH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3hexaneCH3CHCH2CH2CH3isohexane,2-methylpent
5、aneCH3CH3CH3CCH2CH3neohexane,2,2-dimethylbutaneCH32.1.4NomenclatureCH3CH2CHCH2CH3none3-methylpentaneCH3CH3CH-CHCH3none2,3-dimethylbutaneCH3CH3AlkylGroupR-(replacing“ane”with“yl”)primary,secondary,tertiary,quaternaryC,butonlyprimary,secondary,tertiaryH(se
6、eourtext)2.1.4Nomenclature(IUPACRules)SystematicName(IUPACRules)(IUPAC:InternationalUnionofPureandAppliedChemistry)1.Determinethenumberofcarboninthelongestcontinuouscarbonchain----Thischainiscalledtheparenthydrocarbon.12345678CH3CH2CHCH2CH2CH2CH2CH33-met
7、hylOctaneCH3CH3CHCH2CH2CH34-methylOctaneCH2CH2CH2CH32.1.4Nomenclature(IUPACRules)2.Numberthechainsothatthesubstituentgetsthelowestpossiblenumber.CH3CH2CHCH2CHCH2CH2CH35-ethyl-3-methyloctaneCH3CH2CH3not4-ethyl-6-methyloctanebecause3<4CH2CH3CH3CHCHCH2CH2CH
8、CH33-ethyl-2,6-dimethylheptaneCH3CH3not5-ethyl-2,6-dimethylheptanebecause3<52.1.4Nomenclature(IUPACRules)3.Citethenameofthealkylsubstituentbeforetheparenthydrocarbon.----Anumberandawordareseparatedbyahyphen;numbersaresepar
