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1、第16讲虚拟式概述虚拟式（SubjunctiveMood）,作为专门表达假设意义和其他非事实意义的从此形式，仅是古英语遗留下来的残余。它仅有两个形式，即be-型虚拟式（BE-Subjunctive）和were-型虚拟式（WERE-Subjunctive）。16.1be-型虚拟式用于表示命令、决定、建议等词语之后的that-分句中用于由if，though等引导的分句中用于某些公式化语句中A.用在decide,decree,demand,insist,move,order,prefer,propose,recom
2、mend,request,require,suggest,vote等动词之后的that-分句中。eg.Heorderedthatallthebooksbesentatonce.Sheinsistedthatshegotothesouthforherholiday.B.用在advisable,appropriate,desirable,essential,fitting,imperative,important,impossible,necessary,obligatory,proper等形容词之后的that-
3、分句中。eg.ItisnecessarythathecomebackwithoutdelayItwasappropriatethatthistaxbeabolished.C.用在decision,decree,demand,instruction,order,requirement,resolution等名词之后的that-分句中。eg.Wewerefacedwiththedemandthatthistaxbeabolished.Theirdecisionwasthattheschoolremainclose
4、d.Be-型虚拟式能用于由if,though,whatever,lest,solongas等引导的分句中表示推测、让步、防备等含义。eg.Ifhebefoundguilty,Johnshallhavetherightofappeal.Thougheveryonedesertyou,Iwillnot.Be-型虚拟式用于某些公式化语句中可表示祝愿、诅咒、禁止等意义。eg.LonglivethePeople’sRepublicofChina!Godblessyou!Goddamnyou!Deviltakehim!1
5、6.2were-型虚拟式用于某些状语分句中用于某些名词性分句中Were-型虚拟式常用于由if,ifonly,asif,asthough,though引导的条件状语和让步状语分句中，表示非真实的条件或让步。Eg.IfIwereyou,Ishouldwaittillnextweek.Hebehavesasthoughhewerebetterthanus.Were-型虚拟式常用于wish,wouldrather,suppose,imagine之后的that-分句中，表示一种臆想的（通常是不可能发生的）情况。Eg.I
6、wishIrememberedtheaddress.Iwouldrathertheycametomorrow(youhadgonetheretoo).16.3假设意义表示法综述用动词的过去时形式表示假设意义用情态助动词过去时形式表示假设意义用动词的过去时形式表示假设意义常见于以下结构：Itistime(that)...Iwouldrather/sooner(that)you/he/they...Ifonly...Hebehavesasif/asthough...Iwish(that)...Itistimewe
7、wenttobed.Itistimewehaddinner.Itisabouttimeyoumadeupyourmind.Itishightimeyoulentherahand.I’mtoldtheyaregoingbybus,butIwouldrathertheywentbytrain.Shewillgethomeatdinnertime,butIwouldrathershegothomealittleearlier.Hedidn’tattendthemeeting.Iwouldratherhehadbee
8、npresent.IfonlyIknewheraddress.IfonlyIhadenoughmoneywithme.IfonlyIhadgonebytaxi.Ifonlyhehadrememberedtobuysomefruit.Hebehavesasifheownedthisplace.Heorderedmeaboutasifheweremyboss.Weremembertheaccidentv
