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1、虚拟语气(SubjunctiveMood)I.形式：（五种）1).原形形式(baseform)e.g.,Itis/wasnecessarythatwe/you/hestartatonce.Amandaurges/urged/hasurgedthatwe/you/heacceptthepost.虚拟语气原形形式有被动语态形式，由助动词be的原形形式加主动词的-ed形式构成。e.g.,Mr.Blackinsists/insistedthatIbepunished.Thecommitteeproposes/proposed(that)Mr.Daybeelected.虚拟语气通常只用一般
2、体，表示强调时也可以用进行体，但没有完成体和完成进行体。e.g.,ThephotographerasksthatthePrimeMinisterbesittingathisdeskwhenthephotographsaretaken.虚拟语气原形形式的否定式不需要助动词do帮助，通常直接将not置于动词之前构成。e.g.,Itisessentialthatthismissionnotfail.Theyinsistedthatwenoteatmeat.Ifthatbenotthecase,Ishallleave.Herecommendedthattheprisonernotbe/b
3、enotreleased.82).一般式(indefiniteform),即一般体(indefiniteaspect),表示主观设想在说话或主句表示的时间的同时或之后发生的情况。e.g.,IwishIwere/wasatthebeachnow.IfIknewhim,Iwouldtellhimaboutit.Theyare/weretalkingasiftheyweregoodfriends.注意：在Itistime(that)后通常用Iwas而不用Iwere;在ifIwereyou中通常用Iwere而不用Iwas;在asitwere中只能用were,不能用was;在不用连词的非真
4、实条件状语从句中，也只能用were,不能用was。e.g.,It’stimeIwasinbed.IfIwereyou,Iwouldacceptit.Theskyiscovered,asitwere,withablackcurtain.Wereaseriouscrisistoarise,thegovernmentwouldhavetoactswiftly.谓语含有情态动词时，其虚拟语气一般式由情态动词的-ed形式加主动词的一般体不定式表示。e.g.,Iwishyouwouldn’ttalksomuch.IfIcouldflylikeabird,howhappyIwouldbe!3)
5、.完成式(perfectiveform),即完成体(perfectiveaspect),表示主观设想在说话或主句表示的时间之前发生的情况。8e.g.,IwishthatIhadbeenatthebeachthen.IfIhadknownhim,Iwouldhavetoldhimaboutit.Theyare/weretalkingasiftheyhadbeengoodfriendsforyears.谓语含有情态动词时，其虚拟语气完成式由情态动词的-ed形式加主动词的完成体不定式表示。e.g.,IwishIcouldhavegonewiththem.Ifyouwouldhavele
6、ntmethemoney,Iwouldhaveboughtayachtlastyear.4).进行式(progressiveform),即进行体(progressiveaspect),表示主观设想在说话或主句表示的时间的同时或之后正在进行的情况。谓语含有情态动词时，其虚拟语气进行式由情态动词的-ed形式加主动词的进行体不定式表示。e.g.,TheywishtheywerecomingtoEnglandagainthisyear.IfIwere/wasleaving,youwouldhaveheardaboutit.Thingswouldn’tbegoingonsosmoothly
7、ifwehadn’tworkedsohardintheseyears.5).完成进行式(perfectiveprogressiveform),即完成进行体(perfectiveprogressiveaspect),表示主观设想在说话或主句8表示的时间之前正在进行的情况。谓语含有情态动词时，其虚拟语气完成进行式由情态动词的-ed形式加主动词的完成进行体不定式表示。e.g.,Theywouldn’tbefeelingsotirediftheyhadn’tbeenwalkingawho
