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1、Unit12ReligionandPhilosophyTextAReligionsinChina导读：中国是个多宗教的国家。中国宗教徒信奉的主要有佛教、道教、伊斯兰教、天主教和基督教，其中佛教和道教的历史源远流长，并对中华文化产生了重要的影响。佛道的融合是中国五千年历史的瑰宝。是中国文化的精髓。道家是中国本土教派，它的成长见证着中国的成长。而中国文字文化的精髓却也离不开佛教的解读，是他们用行动和文字影响了一代又一代的中国人。MajorreligionsinChinaareBuddhism,Daoism,IslamandChristia
2、nity,includingCatholicismandProtestantism.Amongthese,BuddhismandDaoismhavethelongesthistoryandhaveexertedthegreatestinfluenceonChineseculture,historicallyaswellascontemporaneously.FollowersofdifferentreligionshavebothnationalandlocalorganizationsinChina.Thelocalorganiza
3、tionsofdifferentreligionsalsohandletheirownaffairsindependently,publishtheirownjournals,andmaintaintheirownreligiousinstitutesofhigherlearningtotrainnewstaffandresearchers.InaccordancewiththerelevantstipulationsinChina’sConstitution,religiouspersonageshavebeenelectedtot
4、hePeople’sCongressesandtheChinesePeople’sPoliticalConsultativeConferencesatalllevelstodeliberateonissuesconcerningnationalaffairsandhelptoensuretheproperimplementationofthepolicyoffreedomofreligiousbeliefs.Thiscontributesgreatdealtothestabilityandunityofthecountry.Thest
5、atepolicyonreligionhashelpedtoincreasethescopeofcontactswithpeopleofothercountries.Thepast20yearssawthefrequentexchangesbetweenreligiouscircleinChinaandtheircounterpartsabroad,thusincreasingmutualunderstandingandfriendship.ChineseBuddhismChineseBuddhism referscollective
6、lytothevariousschoolsof Buddhism thathaveflourishedin China sinceancienttimes.BuddhismhasplayedanenormousroleinshapingthemindsetoftheChinesepeople,affectingtheiraesthetics,politics, literature, philosophyand medicine.TaoismTheChinesewordTao(orDao)isusuallytranslatedas"w
7、ay","path"or"principle",althoughthisusagetakesitsmeaningfrom"reality"or"nature",whichthewordTaocanalsomean.Theproperpathinlife,saysTaoism,isonethatworksinharmonywithreality,theessenceofthenaturaluniverse.BeliefsTaoistbeliefsincludeteachingsbasedonrevelationsfromvariouss
8、ources.Therefore,differentbranchesofTaoismoftenhavedifferingbeliefs,especiallyconcerningnature.Nevertheless,th
