Foster JB - Capitalism's Environmental Crisis--Is Technology the Answer

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1、REVIEWOFTHEMONTHCapitalism'sEnvironmentalCrisisIsTechnologytheAnswer?byJohnBellamyFosterThestandardsolutionofferedtotheenvironmentalprobleminadvancedcapitalisteconomiesistoshifttechnolo).,,)'inamorebenigndirection:moreenergy-efficientproductioll,carsthatgetbettermileage,replacementoffossilfuelswit

2、hsolarpower,andrecyclingofresources.Otherenvironmentalreforms,suchasreductionsinpopulationgrowthandevencutsillconsumption,areoftenadvocatedaswell.Themagicbulletoftechnology,however,isbyfarthebvorite,seemingtoholdoutthepossibilitvofenvironmentalimprovementwiththeleasteffectonthesmoothworkingoftheca

3、pitalistmachine.The1997InternationalKyotoProtocolonglobalwanning,designedtolimitthegreenhousegasemissionsofnations,hasonlyreinf()rcedthisattitude,encouragingmanyenvironmentaladvocatesintheUnitedStates(includingAIGoreinhispresidentialcampaign)toadvocatetechnologicalimprovementinenergyefficiencyasth

4、emamescapefromtheenvironmentalmess.Therearetwowaysinwhichtechnologicalchangecanlowerenvironmentalimpact.First,itcanreducethematerialsandenergyusedperunitofoutputand,second,itcansubstitutelesshamlfultechnology.Muchoftheimprovementinairqualitysincethenineteenthcentury,includingitsaesthetics,resulted

5、fi-omthereductioninthesmokeandsulfurdioxideemissionsforwhichcoal-burningisnotorious.Solarenergy,incontrasttootherpresentandprospectivesourcesofenergy,isnotonlyavailableinThisarticlew,,,writtell!ill'presentatiollattht"HiloISllb,t,hiSllllpmilllll.''The'''''<'IllielhCelltlllYDreamsandRealities,"Hitot

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7、gtechnologiesthatincreaseefliciency,particularlyofenergy,andusemorebenignproductiveprocessesthatgetridoftheworstpollutants.Iwanttoconcentratehereontheenergyefficiencypartofthis.Theissueofthematerialsusedandthepro