研究生英语《阅读C》UNIT14

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1、研究生公共英语《阅读C》UNIT14TheFabricofMeaningBackgroundInformationEgoandSuperegoInphilosophy,theterm"ego",associatedprimarilywiththeGermanphilosopherFichte,forthe'T',thesubjectwhichisconsciousofitself,thinks,hasexperienceofanddeterminestheoutsideworld(the"object"or"non-ego");inpsychoanalysis,itre

2、ferstotheconsciouspersonalityasopposedtotheunconscious.EgoandSuperego"Superego"referstotheidealizedimagethatapersonbuildsupofhimselfinresponsetoauthorityandsocialpressures.Fundamentallyunconscious,itrisestoconsciousnessoncriticaloccasionandservesasakindof-policemanofthepersonality.(cf."i

3、d,"thereservoirofman'sinstinctivedrives,asdefinedbyFreud.)AgeofReason理性时期AtermappliedtotheRestorationandAugustanperiods（古罗马皇帝奥古斯都时期).Sonamedbecauseitwasaperiodwhentheworkingsofreasonwererevered(尊敬).Form,balance,restraint,harmony,decorum(礼貌)andorderaresomeofthemaincharacteristicsofthelite

4、ratureoftheperiod.ManifestDestinyAnorderingofhumanhistoryregardedasinevitableandobviouslyapparentthatleadsapeopleorracetoexpandtogeographiclimitsheldtobenaturalortoextendsovereigntyoverausuallyindefinitearea.Also:thedoctrineoforbeliefinsuchinevitableexpansion.昭昭天命昭昭天命(ManifestDestiny)，为惯

5、用措词，表达美国凭藉天命，对外扩张，散播民主自由的信念。昭昭天命的拥护者们认为美国在领土和影响力上的扩张不仅明显（Manifest），且本诸不可违逆之天数（Destiny）。昭昭天命最初为十九世纪时的政治警句(catchphrase)，后来成为标准的历史名辞，意义通常等于美国横贯北美洲，直达太平洋的领土扩张。“昭昭天命”一词最初由1840年代杰克逊式民主的信徒所使用，用以宣传兼并今日的美西地区（俄勒冈属地、兼并得州、与墨西哥割让）。该词于1890年代复由共和党支持者用以在理论上作为美国介入北美洲以外事务的理由。"TheFabricofmeaning"isapieceof

6、expositorywriting.Thecentralthesisoftheexpositionisexpressedbythetitleoftheessay.Langerelaboratestheimportanceoflifesymbolsinaperson'slifeandwork.Life-symbolscangivepeoplespiritualsupportandanyimaginativeandintelligentpersonswhofeeldrawntotherealmofrealitycanseemeaningandsenseintheworld.

7、Anymanwholoveshisprofessionlovesitnotonlyforitspracticalusebutalsobecauseitseemstohavemeaning.IntheessayLangersupportsherviewswithcopiousevidence.Shestatesthatamindwhichdrawsitssustenancefromthesurroundingworldcanfunctionfreelyandconfidentlyundergreatpressureofcircumstanc