中国历史文化概况（英文版）Unit3LanguageandCulture

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1、Unit3LanguageandCulture学习任务整体上掌握TextA和TextB两篇文章的内容，包括背景资料，单词，相关专有名词等。完成TextA和TextB的课后题目。浏览TextC。TextALanguageofChina导读：狭义的中国话即为汉语，是全球华人的母语，以北京话为源发展的语言。在台湾地区，又称国语。在新加坡、马来西亚等地又称华语。汉语是世界主要语言之一。属汉藏语系，是这个语系里最主要的语言。产生于中国中部，定型于汉朝，最初是汉民族的通用语，后来发展成为中华民族的共同语。除了中国以外，汉语还分布在新加坡、马来西亚等地。以汉语为母语的人大约有13亿（30

2、00万人作为第二语言）。汉语是联合国的工作语言之一。Notes：1.Cantonese(粤语):ItisaChinesedialectspokeninandaroundthecityofGuangzhouinSouthernChina,bythemajoritypopulationofHongKongandMacau,andasalinguafrancaofGuangdongprovince,easternGuangxiprovince,andsomeneighbouringareas.ItisusedinHongKongandMacauastheofficialspoken

3、languageofgovernmentandinstructioninschools.ItisspokenbysomeofoverseasChinesecommunitiesinCanada,theUnitedStatesandAustralia,aswellasthroughoutEuropeandSoutheastAsia,beingthemostwidelyspokendialectandalinguafrancainmanyofthesecommunities.2.Mandarin（国语）:ItisaofficialstandardizedlanguageofChi

4、nabasedontheBeijingdialect，oneofthefourofficiallanguagesofSingapore，andoneofthesixofficiallanguagesoftheUnitedNations.Hokkien(闽南语)：isagroupofmutuallyintelligibleMinNanChinesedialectsspokenbymanyoverseasChinesethroughoutSoutheastAsia.ItsoriginatedfromthesamedialectinsouthernFujianandismutual

5、lyintelligiblewiththeHokkieninTaiwan.ItiscloselyrelatedtoTeochew,thoughmutualcomprehensionisdifficult,andsomewhatmoredistantlyrelatedtoHainanese.TheAmoyandTaiwaneseprestigedialectareconsideredstandards.MiddleEast（中东）:isaregionthatencompassesWesternAsiaandNorthernAfrica.Itisoftenusedasasynon

6、ymforNearEast,inoppositiontoFarEast.ThecorrespondingadjectiveisMiddle-EasternandthederivednounisMiddle-Easterner.ThehistoryoftheMiddleEastdatesbacktoancienttimes,andthroughoutitshistory,theMiddleEasthasbeenamajorcentreofworldaffairs.Whendiscussingancienthistory,however,thetermNearEastismore

7、commonlyused.TheMiddleEastisalsothehistoricaloriginofmajorreligionssuchasJudaism,Christianity,andIslam.TheMiddleEastgenerallyhasanaridandhotclimate,withseveralmajorriversprovidingforirrigationtosupportagricultureinlimitedareas.Manycountrieslocatedaroundt