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ID:41598052
大小:60.49 KB
页数:4页
时间:2019-08-28
《一些语言学基本概念》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在工程资料-天天文库。
1、•IntroductionLWhatisLanguageLanguageisasystemofarbitraryvocalsymbolsusedforhumancommunication.2.WhatisLinguistics(语言学)Linguisticsisthescientificstudyoflanguage*3.SomeBasicDistinctions(区分)inLinguistics3.1SpeechandWritingOnegeneralprinciple(原则)oflinguisticanalysisistheprimacyofspee
2、choverwriting.Writinggiveslanguagenewscope(范畴)andusesthatspeechdoesnothave.3.2Descriptive(描述性)orPrescriptive(说明性)Alinguisticstudyisdescriptiveifitdescribesandanalysesfactsobserved;itisprescriptiveifittriestolaydownrulesforHcorrectHbehavior33Synchronic(共时)andDiachronic(历时)Studies
3、ThedescriptionofalanguageatsomepointintimeisasynchronicstudyandThedescriptionofalanguageasitchangesthroughtimeisadiachronicstudy.3.4Langue(语言)andParole(言语)ThisisadistinctionmadebytheSwisslinguistF.DeSaussure(索绪尔)earlylastcentury,languereferstotheabstractlinguisticsystemsharedbyal
4、lthemembersofaspeechcommunityandparolereferstotheactualized(实际的)language,orrealizationoflangue.3.5Coinpetence(能力)andPerformance(行为)Competenceistheideallanguageuser'sknowledgeoftherulesofhislanguage.Performanceistheactualrealizationofthisknowledgeinutterances(发声).4.TheScopeofLingu
5、isticsGenerallinguisticsisthestudyoflanguageasawhole.Phonetics(语音学)isthebranchoflinguisticswhichstudiesthecharacteristicsofspeechsoundsandprovidesmethodsfortheirdescription,classificationandtranscription.Phonology(音韵学)isthebranchoflinguisticswhichstudiesthesoundpatternsoflanguage
6、s.Morphology(词法)isthebranchoflinguisticswhichstudiestheformofwords.Syntax(句法)isthebranchoflinguisticswhichstudiestherulesgoverningthecombinationofwordsintosentences.Semantics(语义学)isthebranchoflinguisticswhichstudiesthemeaningoflanguage.Appliedlinguistics(应用语言学)isthestudyoftheteac
7、hingofforeignandsecondlanguages.Sociolinguisticsisthestudyoftherelationshipbetweenlanguageandsociety.Psycholinguisticsisthestudyoftherelationshipbetweenlanguageandthemind.HistoricalLinguistics!历史语言学)isthestudyoflanguagechanges.Anthropologicallinguistics(人文语言学)usesthetheoriesandme
8、thodsofanthropologytostudylanguagevariat
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