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1、上海外国语大学2008年高翻学院翻译学专业考研试题2008翻译综合试题一、写出下列人名的通用译名及国别(15分)ErnestHemingwayM.A.K.HallidayE.A.NidaJamesS.HolmesPeterNewmark二、写出下列术语的通用译法(25分)DynamicEquivalenceCriticalDiscourseAnalysisTargetLanguageDomesticationPragmatics三、解释“动态平衡”概念,并阐述你的看法。(40分)四、西方历史上的翻译家你知道几位?选其中一位谈谈
2、你对他的认识(译著、成就)。(40分)五、PleasebrieflydescribeinEnglishwhatis"SimultaneousInterpreting".(30分)2008翻译实践试题(英译汉)TheEconomist2007-11-8上弄来的FrombrokenwindowstobrokenschoolsINTHE1990sNewYorkCity'ssuccessincuttingcrimebecameamodelforAmericaandtheworld.Innovativepolicingmethods,g
3、uidedbythe“brokenwindows”philosophyofcrackingdownonminoroffencestoencourageacultureoflawfulness,showedthataseeminglyhopelesssituationcouldbeturnedaround.Itmadethenameofthemayor,RudyGiuliani,nowapresidentialaspirant.HopelessishowmanypeoplefeelaboutAmerica'sgovernment
4、-fundedpublicschools,particularlyinthedodgierpartsofbigcities,wheregraduationratesareshockinglylowandmanyfailtoachievebasiclevelsofliteracyandnumeracy.Aswithurbancrime,failingurbanschoolsarepreoccupyingcountriestheworldover.AndjustasNewYorkpointedthewayonfightingcri
5、me,underanothermayor,MichaelBloomberg,itisnowemergingasamodelforschoolreform.OnNovember5thMrBloombergannouncedanew“reportcard”forthecity'sschools,designedtomakethemaccountablefortheirperformance.Thehighest-gradedschoolswillgetanincreasedbudgetandperhapsabonusforthep
6、rincipal(headteacher).Schoolsthatfailwillnotbetolerated:unlesstheirperformanceimproves,theirprincipalswillbefired,andifthatdoesnotdothetrick,theywillbeclosed.ThisistheculminationofaseriesofreformsthatbeganwhenMrBloombergcampaignedfor,andwon,directcontroloftheschools
7、ystemafterbecomingmayorin2002.Evenbeforethe“reportcards”,therehavebeenimpressivesignsofimprovement,includinghighertestscoresandbettergraduationrates.(MrBloomberghasnotbeenasbravewithschoolsasMrGiulianiwaswithcrime.Oddlygivenhisbeliefincompetition,theformermediamogul
8、shunnedthemostradicaloption—vouchersthatallowparentstoshoparoundbeyondthepublic-schoolssystemfortheirchildren'seducation.Ontheotherhand,ev