《化学工程与工艺专业英语》课文翻译Unit 21 Chemical Industry and Environment

《《化学工程与工艺专业英语》课文翻译Unit 21 Chemical Industry and Environment》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。

1、Unit21ChemicalIndustryandEnvironment化学工业与环境Howcanwereducetheamountofwastethatisproduced?Andhowweclosetheloopbyredirectingspentmaterialsandproductsintoprogramsofrecycling?Allofthesequestionsmustbeansweredthroughcarefulresearchinthecomingyearsaswestrivetokeepcivilizationinb

2、alancewithnature.我们怎样才能减少产生废物的数量？我们怎样才能使废弃物质和商品纳入循环使用的程序？所有这些问题必须要在未来的几年里通过仔细的研究得到解决，这样我们才能保持文明与自然的平衡。1.AtmosphericChemistryCoal-burningpowerplants,aswellassomenaturalprocesses,deliversulfurcompoundstothestratosphere,whereoxidationproducessulfuricacidparticlesthatreflecta

3、waysomeoftheincomingvisiblesolarradiation.Inthetroposphere,nitrogenoxidesproducedbythecombustionoffossilfuelscombinewithmanyorganicmoleculesundertheinfluenceofsunlighttoproduceurbansmog.Thevolatilehydrocarbonisoprene,wellknownasabuildingblockofsyntheticrubber,isalsoproduc

4、ednaturallyinforests.Andthechlorofluorocarbons,betterknownasCFCs,areinertinautomobileairconditionersandhomerefrigeratorsbutcomeapartunderultravioletbombardmentinthemid-stratospherewithdevastatingeffectontheearth’sstratosphericozonelayer.Thegloballyaveragedatmosphericconce

5、ntrationofstratosphericozoneitselfisonly3partsin10million,butithasplayedacrucialprotectiveroleinthedevelopmentofallbiologicallifethroughitsabsorptionofpotentiallyharmfulshout-wavelengthsolarultravioletradiation.1．大气化学燃煤发电厂像一些自然过程一样，也会释放硫化合物到大气层中，在那里氧化作用产生硫酸颗粒能反射入射进来的可见太阳辐

6、射。在对流层，化石燃料燃烧所产生的氮氧化物在阳光的影响下与许多有机物分子结合产生都市烟雾。挥发的碳氢化合物异戊二烯，也就是众所周知的合成橡胶的结构单元，可以在森林中天然产生含氯氟烃。我们所熟悉的CFCs，在汽车空调和家用冰箱里是惰性的，但在中平流层内在紫外线的照射下回发生分解从而对地球大气臭氧层造成破坏，全球大气层中臭氧的平均浓度只有3ppm，但它对所有生命体的生长发育都起了关键的保护作用，因为是它吸收了太阳光线中有害的短波紫外辐射。Duringthepast20years,publicattentionhasbeenfocusedonw

7、aysthatmankindhascausedchangesintheatmosphere:acidrain,stratosphericzonedepletion,greenhousewarming,andtheincreasedoxidizingcapacityoftheatmosphere.Wehaveknownforgenerationsthathumanactivityhasaffectedthenearbysurroundings,butonlygraduallyhavewenoticedsucheffectsasacidrai

8、nonaregionalthenonanintercontinentalscale.Withtheproblemofozonedepletionandconcernsaboutglobalwa