Paul Ehrlich

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1、PaulEhrlichPaulEhrlich(14March1854–20August1915)wasaGermanscientistinthefieldsofhematology,immunology,andchemotherapy,andaNobellaureate.Heisnotedfordiscoveringthesyphilistreatmentsalvarsan,thefirstdrugtargetedagainstaspecificpathogen;andforhisresearchinautoimmunity,callingit"horroraut

2、otoxicus".Hecoinedthetermchemotherapyandpopularizedtheconceptofamagicbullet.ResearchInhisdissertationattheUniversityofLeipzig,hepickedupthetopicagain("ContributionstotheTheoryandPracticeofHistologicalStaining",BeiträgezurTheorieundPraxisderhistologischenFärbung).HemarriedHedwigPinkus(

3、thenaged19)in1883.Thecouplehadtwodaughters,namedStephanieandMarianne.Afterhisclinicaleducationandhabilitation("TheNeedoftheOrganismforOxygen",DasSauerstoffbedürfnisdesOrganismus)attheCharitéinBerlinin1886,hereceivedacallfromRobertKochtojointheInstituteofInfectiousDiseasesinBerlin(1891

4、).EhrlichspenttwoyearsinEgypt,recoveringfromtuberculosis.ThereafterheworkedwithhisfriendEmilAdolfvonBehringonthedevelopmentofadiphtheriaserum.TheserumwassuccessfullyusedduringanepidemicinGermany.Ehrlichskillfullytransformeddiphtheriaantitoxinintoaneffectivepreparation,hisfirstworld-re

5、nownachievement.However,vonBehringcheatedEhrlichoutofbothrecognitionandfinancialreward.OnlyvonBehringreceivedthefirstNobelPrizeinMedicine,in1901,forcontributionsinresearchofdiphtheria.TheseworksinspiredEhrlich'sfamousside-chaintheory(Seitenkettentheorie)from1897.Thistheoryexplainedthe

6、effectsofserumandenabledmeasurementoftheamountofantigen.In1896EhrlichbecamethedirectorofthenewlyfoundedInstituteofSerumResearchandExamination(InstitutfürSerumforschungundSerumprüfung)inSteglitz(Berlin).In1899theinstitutewasmovedtoFrankfurt(Main)andextendedintotheRoyalInstituteofExperi

7、mentalTherapy(InstitutfürexperimentelleTherapie).HereEhrlichresearchedchemotherapyandinfectiousdiseases.In1904EhrlichbecamehonoraryprofessoroftheUniversityofGöttingen.[2]EhrlichreceivedtheNobelPrizeforMedicinetogetherwithIlyaIlyichMechnikovin1908.[3]In1906hediscoveredthestructuralform

8、ulaof