modals情态动词

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1、Modals(1)Permission,Prohibition,Obligation,NoobligationToexpress permission, prohibition, obligation andno obligation weusuallyusemodalverbs.PermissionCan isoftenusedtoaskforandgivepermission.·CanIsithere?·Youcanusemycarifyoulike.·CanImakeasuggestion?

2、Wecanalsouse may and could toaskforandgivepermissionbut can isusedmoreoften.ProhibitionBoth can’t and mustn’t areusedtoshowthatsomethingisprohibited–itisnotallowed.·Youcan’tparkhere,sir.·Youcanwearjeansbutyoucan’tweartrainersinthatbar.·Youmustn’tspeak

3、whentheteacherisspeaking.Can’t tellsusthatsomethingisagainsttherules. Mustn’t isusuallyusedwhentheobligationcomesfromthepersonwhoisspeaking.ObligationHaveto and must arebothusedtoexpressobligation.Thereisaslightdifferencebetweenthewaytheyareused.Havet

4、o showsusthattheobligationcomesfromsomebodyelse.It’salaworaruleandthespeakercan’tchangeit.·Doyouhavetowearauniformatyourschool?·Johncan’tcomebecausehehastoworktomorrow.·InBritainyouhavetobuyaTVlicenceeveryyear.Must showsusthattheobligationcomesfromthe

5、speaker.Itisn’talaworarule. ·Imustcallmydadtonight.·YoumusthandinyourhomeworkonTuesdayoryourmarkwillbezero.·YoumustcomeandvisitusthenexttimeyoucometoLondon.NoobligationWeuse don’thaveto toshowthatthereisnoobligation.Youcandosomethingifyouwanttobutit’s

6、notcompulsory.·Youdon’thavetowearatieinouroffice.Youcanwearatieifyouwanttobutit’sOKifyoudon’t.·It’llbeniceifyoudobutyoudon’thavetocomewithmeifyoudon’twantto.·Youdon’thavetodressupfortheparty.Wearwhateveryoufeelcomfortablein.Modals–deduction(present)We

7、usemodalverbstosayhowsureweareaboutsomething.1mustWeuse must whenwefeelsurethatsomethingistruebecausethere’sverystrongevidence.·Hemustlivenearherebecausehecomestoworkonfoot. Wedon’tknowwherehelivesbutwe’resureit’snotfaraway.·Comeinsideandgetwarm–youmu

8、stbefreezingoutthere.·You’reazookeeper?Thatmustbeveryinteresting.Noticethat must isfollowedbyaninfinitivewithout‘to’.2might,may,couldWeuse might, may or could tosaythatwethinksomethingispossiblebutwe’renotsure.·Didyouhearthat?Ithinktheremightb