宏观经济政策的五个争论问题

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1、36FiveDebatesOverMacroeconomicPolicy宏观经济政策的五个争论问题FiveDebatesoverMacroeconomicPolicy1.Shouldmonetaryandfiscalpolicymakerstrytostabilizetheeconomy?货币和财政政策制定者是否应该试图去稳定经济？2.Shouldmonetarypolicybemadebyruleratherthanbydiscretion?货币政策应该依据规则还是随意指定？3.Shouldthecentralbankaimforzeroinflation?央行的目标是否应该是零通胀？4.

2、Shouldthegovernmentbalanceitsbudget?政府是否应该收支平衡？5.Shouldthetaxlawsbereformedtoencouragesaving?税法是否需要改革，使其刺激储蓄？1.Shouldmonetaryandfiscalpolicymakerstrytostabilizetheeconomy?Pro:PolicymakersshouldtrytostabilizetheeconomyTheeconomyisinherentlyunstable,andleftonitsownwillfluctuate.经济本身不稳定，放任不管会导致其波动。Pol

3、icycanmanageaggregatedemandinordertooffsetthisinherentinstabilityandreducetheseverityofeconomicfluctuations.为了消除不稳定性和严重的经济波动，政策可以管理总需求Thereisnoreasonforsocietytosufferthroughtheboomsandbustsofthebusinesscycle.社会没有理由在商业周期的顶峰和低谷中蒙受损失。Con:PolicymakersshouldnottrytostabilizetheeconomyMonetarypolicyaffe

4、ctstheeconomywithlongandunpredictablelagsbetweentheneedtoactandthetimethatittakesforthesepoliciestowork.长期的和不可预见的滞后性Manystudiesindicatethatchangesinmonetarypolicyhavelittleeffectonaggregatedemanduntilaboutsixmonthsafterthechangeismade.很多研究说明货币政策的变化对总需求几乎没有影响Con:Policymakersshouldnottrytostabilizeth

5、eeconomyFiscalpolicyworkswithalagbecauseofthelongpoliticalprocessthatgovernschangesinspendingandtaxes.政策制定是一个政治过程Itcantakeyearstopropose,pass,andimplementamajorchangeinfiscalpolicy.执行问题Con:PolicymakersshouldnottrytostabilizetheeconomyAlltoooftenpolicymakerscaninadvertentlyexacerbateratherthanmitiga

6、tethemagnitudeofeconomicfluctuations.政策制定者经常无意中恶化而不是减轻经济波动程度。Itmightbedesirableifpolicymakerscouldeliminatealleconomicfluctuations,butthisisnotarealisticgoal.如果政策制定者可以消除所有的经济波动，这可能是好的，但是这不是一个现实的目标。2.Shouldmonetarypolicybemadebyruleratherthanbydiscretion?Pro:MonetarypolicyshouldbemadebyruleDiscretio

7、narymonetarypolicycansufferfromincompetenceandabuseofpower.权力的无能和滥用Totheextentthatcentralbankersallythemselveswithpoliticians,discretionarypolicycanleadtoeconomicfluctuationsthatreflecttheelectoralcalendar—