3.60 Bioleaching and Biomining for the Industrial Recovery of Metals

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1、3.60BioleachingandBiominingfortheIndustrialRecoveryofMetalsCAJerez,UniversityofChile,Santiago,Chile©2011ElsevierB.V.Allrightsreserved.3.60.1Introduction7173.60.2MicroorganismsInvolvedinBiomining7183.60.3IndustrialBiominingofOres7193.60.4EnvironmentalImpactofBiominin

2、gActivities7203.60.5MicrobialMetalSolubilizationMechanisms7213.60.5.1MainBacteria–MineralInteractions7213.60.5.2MechanismsofOxidationofMinerals7223.60.5.3MicrobialResistancetoAcidandMetals7233.60.6ImportanceofMolecularBiologyStudiesinMetalExtraction7243.60.6.1Biomin

3、ingCommunityDiversityAnalysis7243.60.6.2GenomicsandMetagenomics7243.60.6.3FunctionalGenomics7273.60.6.4ProteomicsandMetaproteomics7273.60.7Perspectives728References728GlossaryconsortiumAgroupofmicroorganismslivingtogetherinbiofilmAlayerofadhesiveexopolimericsubstanc

4、eswhicheachindividualbenefitsfromtheothers.attachedtoasurfaceandsecretedbymicroorganismsgenomeThecompletesetofgenespresentinanformingcoloniesonit.organism.bioleachingReferstothemicrobialconversionofangenomicsReferstomapping,sequencing,andanalyzinginsolublemetal(usua

5、llyametalsulfideoroxide)intoagenomes.solubleform(metalsulfate).proteomeThetotalcomplementofproteinspresentinabiominingTheuseofmicroorganismstorecovermetalscellatanyonetime.inindustrialoperations.proteomicsGenomewidestudyofthestructure,function,bioremediationUseofmic

6、roorganismstoremovetoxicandregulationofproteinsinthecell.chemicalsfromtheenvironment.systemsmicrobiologyConsidersmicroorganismsorchemolithoautotrophAmicroorganismthatfixesCO2microbialcommunitiesasawholetocreateanandobtainsitsenergybytheoxidationofinorganicintegrated

7、pictureofhowamicrobialcellorcompounds.communityoperates.3.60.1IntroductionAgroupofspecialacidophilicmicroorganisms(bacteriaandarchaea)knownaschemolithoautotrophsarecapableofusingmineralsasfuels.Theiroxidationgenerateselectronstoobtainadenosinetriphosphate(ATP)andthe

8、carbonisobtainedbyfixingCO2fromtheair.Duringthisaerobicmineraloxidation,metalsaresolubilizedorbioleached.Theredoxreactionsperformedbymicro