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1、ASimpleMethodfortheCollectionandAnalysisofVolcanicGasSamplesW.F.GIGGENBACHChemistryDivision,DepartmentofScientificandIndustrialResearch,Wellington,NewZealandAbstractInvestigationsintothechemistryofvolcanicgasesdependontheavaila-bilityofc6mpleteandaccura
2、teanalysesofvolcanicexhalations.Thewideva-rietyofsamplingandanalysismethodshithertoused,oftensupplyingonlypartialanalysesoflowprecision,madeintercomparison,andthusasystem-aticstudyofvolcanicgases,difficult.Withthemethodproposedhere,completevolcanicgassa
3、mplesareobtainedpermittingtheaccuratedeterminationofallmajorspeciesbystandardanalyticalmethodswithouttheneedforhighlyspecialisedancillaryequipment.Thesamplesarecollectedinevacuated300mlpyrexflasksthroughtitaniumtubesdeeplyinsertedintothegasvent.Twotypes
4、offlaskareused,asinglecompartmentflaskallowingtheeasydeter-ruinationofthemajorconstituentsandcontaining50ml4NNaOH,andadoublecompartmentflaskfortheseparateanalysisofthesulfurspeciesandcontaining25ml0.1NAs203in1NHCIO4inthefirst,and50ml4NNaOHinthesecondcom
5、partment.Non-absorbedgasesaredeterminedbygaschro-matography,therestbystandardanalyticalprocedures.ThedeterminationofH~O,CO2,SO~,SO~,$2,HzS,HC1,HF,H2,N2,02,CH4,COandNH3isdescribed.IntroductionInrecentyearstheprocessesandmechanismsinfluencingthechem-icalc
6、ompositionofvolcanicexhalationshavereceivedconsiderableattention.Equilibriumcalculationshaveshownthatthermodynamicconsiderationsareusefulinexplainingmanyaspectsoftheobservedchemistryofvolcanicgases,especiallythoseassociatedwithredoxequilibriainvolvingca
7、rbonandsulfurspecies(ELLIS,1957,HEALDetal.,1963,MATSUO,1962).Thesetheoreticalinvestigations,however,areonlyrarelysupportedbycompleteandreliableanalyticaldata.In--133--spiteofthevastprogressinanalyticaltechniques,thehighstandardsetmorethanfiftyyearsagoby
8、workersongasesoftheHawaiianvolcanoes(JAC~AR,1940)hasonlyoccasionallybeenreachedsince.Thewidevarietyofcollectionandanalyticalmethodsnsed(FINLAYSON,1970;TONANI,1971),eachencumberedtovaryingdegreeswithitspe-culiarfaultsanddeficienci
