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1、MetaphorandMetonymy:MakingTheirConnectionsMoreSlipperyJohnA.BarndenSchoolofComputerScienceTheUniversityofBirminghamBirmingham,B152TT,UnitedKingdomJ.A.Barnden@cs.bham.ac.ukTel:(+44)(0)121414-3816Fax:(+44)(0)121414-4281AbstractThispapercontinuesthedebateabouthowtodistinguishmetaphorfrommetonymy,andwhe
2、therthiscanbedone.Itexaminessomeofthedifferencesthathavebeenallegedtoexist,andaugmentsthealreadyexistingdoubtaboutthem.Themaindifferencesaddressedarethesimilarity/contiguitydistinctionandtheissueofwhethersource-targetlinksarepartofthemessageinmetonymyormetaphor.Inparticular,thepaperarguesthatmetapho
3、ricallinkscanalwaysbeusedmetonymicallyandregardedascontiguities,andconverselythattwoparticular,centraltypesofmetonymiccontiguityessentiallyinvolvesimilarity.Thepaperalsotouchesbrieyonhowmetaphorandmetonymyinteractwithdomains,frames,etc.andontheroleofimaginaryidentication/categorizationoftargetas/u
4、ndersourceitems.Withthepossibleexceptionofthislastissue,thepapersuggeststhatnocombinationoftheallegeddifferencesaddressedcanservecleanlytocategorizesource/targetassociationsintometaphoricalonesandmetonymicones.Italsosuggeststhatitcanbemoreprotabletoanalyseutterancesatthelevelofthedimensionsinvolved
5、inthedifferencesthanatthehigherlevelofmetaphorandmetonymyassuch.Keywords:Metaphor,metonymy,metaphor/metonymydistinction,contiguity,similarity,part/wholemetonymy,representationalmetonymy,resemblancemetaphors,imagemetaphorsAcknowledgments:ThisresearchwassupportedinpartbygrantEP/C538943/1fromtheUK'sEng
6、ineeringandPhysicalSciencesRe-searchCouncil(EPSRC),andgrantRES-328-25-0009fromtheUK'sEconomicandSocialResearchCouncilandEPSRCunderthePeopleattheCentreofCommunicationsandInformationTechnologiesprogramme.IamgratefultocolleaguesRodrigoAgerri,SheilaGlasbey,MarkLeeandAlanWallingon,andtothejournaleditorsa
7、ndanonymousreviewers,forimportantsuggestions.11.IntroductionSpecifyingthenatureofmetaphorandmetonymyhaslongbeenadifcultproblem.Ithasbeenparticularlydifculttospecifyconvincinggroundsfordifferentiatin
