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1、定语从句一、弄清关系代词所指及其在定语从句中所充当的句子成分。1.先行词指物时,用关系代词that/which在从句中作主语或宾语。如:Heboughtacoatthat/whichcostlittle.他买了一件便宜上衣。(作主语)Thecarwhich/thatheboughtyesterdayisasecond-handone.他昨天买的车是个二手货。(作宾语)2.先行词指人时,用关系代词that/who在从句中作主语或宾语(在口语中,代替whom)。如:Themanwho/thatgaveaspeechonTVisthepre
2、sident.昨天在电视上演讲的人是总统。(作主语)Thisisthestrangemanthat/who/whomImetyesterday.这就是我昨天碰到的那个怪人。(作宾语)3.whose在从句中作定语,既可指人,作“某(些)人的”解;也可指物,作“某(些)物的”解。如:Thisisthelittlegirlwhoseparentswerekilledinthegreatearthquake.这就是在那次大地震中失去双亲的那个小姑娘。Weliveinahousewhosewindowsopentothesouth.我们居住在一
3、所窗户朝南的房子里。理清上述关系还能帮助我们判断定语从句谓语动词的单复数。又如:Heisoneofthestudentswhoworkhard.他是学习努力的学生之一。(who指先行词thestudents)Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswhogoesabroad.他是学生中唯一出国的。(who指先行词theonlyone)(一)、只用which的情况1、在定语从句中作介词的宾语且置于介词之后。e.gThehotelinwhichtheyarestayingisveryexpensive.2、在先行词为物的非限
4、制性定语从句。e.gBasketball,whichisaninterestinggames,isplayedallovertheworld.3、在非限制性定语中,代表前面整个句子,有时代表前面主句中的表语部分。e.g1).MrLiisawriter,whichIshouldalsoliketobe.2).Heisagoodteacher,whichweallknow.(二)、一般只用that的情况1、先行词为anything,nothing,everything,all,much,little,few等e.gIsthereanyth
5、ingthatIcandoforyou?2、先行词前有all,any,every,no,little,much,only,very,last等修饰时。e.gHe'llreadallthebooksthataresoldhere.3、先行词前有最高级或序数词修饰时。e.gThisisthemostwonderfulfilmthatIhaveneverseen.4、当先行词是tobe的表语时,或先行词本身就是从句的表语。e.gItisasongthatisverypopular.Theschoolisnolongertheonethati
6、twasusedtobe.5、先行词包括人和物时。e.gHetalkedaboutthepeopleandthebooksthatinterestedhim.6、由who,which引起的疑问句。e.gWhoisthemanthatistalkingtoourheadmaster?7、一个句子中有两个定语从句,若其中一个已用who/which,另一个用that.e.gThestudentwhodoesbestinhisstudiesisthemonitorthatisverymodestandhonest.8、与thesame连用(指
7、同一物),构成thesame….that时,只能用that,且不能用as代替。e.gThisisthesamemuseumthatyouoncevisited.(三)、用who情况。1、who可以代表人、人格化的动物、神话故事中的人物或有生命的事物。e.gThedogwhoisbarkingisourpet.2、在从句中作主语。3、当先行词泛指代词he,they或those时,常用who.e.gHewhodoesnoworkgetsnopay.4、在therebe句型中,主语是人且是先行词时,多用who或省略.e.gThereisam
8、anwholivesinthatvillage.5、先行词前出现不定冠词时,多用who.e.gHeisamanwhoshouldlearnfromothers.6、先行词与从句分隔,用that可能产生歧义时,应用who.