[人文社科]cold-war

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1、TheColdWar美苏冷战1945-1960.Themeaningofthecoldwar.Thecauseofthecoldwarpolicies.Thebeginningofthecoldwar.Thedevelopmentofthecoldwar.Thesharpenofthecoldwar.TheendofthecoldwarINTRODUCTION:WHATISTHE'COLDWAR'?ColdWaristheconflictbetweentheCommunistnationsledbytheSovietUnionandt

2、hedemocraticnationsledbytheUnitedStates.Itisfoughtbyallmeans-propaganda,economicwar,diplomatichagglingandoccasionalmilitaryclashes.Itisfoughtinallplaces-inneutralstates,innewlyindependentnationsinAfrica,Asiaandeveninouterspace.Thehistorianshavesofarnotreachedanyagreemen

3、tonthetimeinwhichtheColdWarbegan.Itis,however,quitesafetosaythatsince1947whenPresidentTrumanoftheUnitedStatesdeclaredananti-communistpolicy,theColdWarbetweentheUnitedStatesandtheSovietUnionhasbegun.CAUSESOFTHECOLDWAR?Thereweredeep-rootedideological,economicandpoliticald

4、ifferencesbetweentheUnitedStatesandtheSovietUnionbeforetheSecondWorldWar.ThesedifferenceswereintensifiedasaresultoftheirmutualsuspicionsimmediatelyaftertheSecondWorldWar.ImmediateCausesLeadingtotheColdWarIncipientconflictbetweentheSovietUnionandtheUnitedStatesbeganatthe

5、peace-timeconferences.TheirconflictwasintensifiedafterPresidentTrumandeclaredtheTrumanDoctrineandlaunchedtheMarshallPlanin1947.Mainreasoninclude:。Thewealth,political,economicandmilitarypowerofUnitedStatesincreasedgreatly。TheUnitedStateswithstrongstrengthtodominatethewor

6、ld。TheUnitedStatesdomineeringambitioncurbedbytheSovietunionandothersocialiststate。Justafterthesecondworldwar,people'swar-wearypeacebetothetideofTheTimes,BeautyhesitatetowagewarBeginningoftheColdWar?TheAmericanalarmofRussianexpansioninEuropegreatlyincreasedwhenBritaindec

7、laredonFebruary24,1947thatshecouldnolongergivethemuch-neededfinancialandmilitaryaidtotheGreekgovernmentwhichwasindangerofbeingoverthrownbythecommunistguerillas.AnothercountrythreatenedbyRussian-directedcommunistguerillaswasTurkey.Americadidnothaveanydoubtaboutthegreatin

8、creaseinpowerwhichdominationoverGreeceandTurkeywouldgivetoRussia.ColdWarinEastAsiaThetensionoftheColdWarseemed