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1、美国文学1.殖民地时期及独立革命战争时期的美国文学PhilipFreneau（菲利普﹒弗瑞诺）(1)Hewasconsideredasthe“PoetoftheAmericanrevolution”asthemostoutstandingpoetinAmericaofthe18thcentury.(2)Hewasasatirist,abitterpolemicist.(3)Hewrotemanypoemsencouragingrevolutionandencouragingtheglorythatwouldbewonbyov
2、ercomingtheBritish.TheWildHoneySuckle《野金银花》TheIndianBuryingGround《印第安人的殡葬地》TheBritishShip《英国囚船》TheRisingGloryofAmerica《美洲光辉的兴起》(1)TheWildHoneySuckleisFreneau’sbestlyric(2)Itanticipatedthe19th—centuryuseofsimplenatureimagery.TheIndianBuryingGroundanticipatedromantic
3、primitivismandthecelebrationofthe“NobleSavage”.ThomasJefferson（托马斯﹒杰弗逊）TheDeclarationofIndependence《独立宣言》(1)TheDeclarationofIndependencewasadoptedJuly4,1776.(2)Itnotonlyannouncedthebirthofanewnation,butalsoexpoundedaphilosophyofhumanfreedom.(3)Itlists13crueltiescom
4、mittedbytheKingofBritain.(4)Thefamouslinesare:“Weholdthesetruthstobeself-evident,thattheyareendowedbytheirCreatorwithcertainunalienablerights,thatamongtheseareLife,LibertyandthepursuitofHappiness.”(5)ThomasJefferson’sthoughtwasinspiredbythethoughtsofJohnLocke.2.浪漫主
5、义时期的美国文学Calvinism（加尔文主义）(1)CalvinismreferstothereligiousteachingsofJohnCalvinandhisfollowers.(2)Calvintaughtthatonlycertainpersons,theelect,werechosenbyGodtobesaved,andthesecouldbesavedonlybyGod’sgrace.(3)CalvinismformsthebasisforthedoctrinesandpracticesoftheHuguen
6、ots,Puritans,Presbyterians,andtheReformedchurches.AmericanRomanticism（美国浪漫主义）(1)AmericanRomanticismisoneofthemostimportantperiodsinthehistoryofAmericanliterature.(2)Itwasarebellionagainsttheobjectivityofrationalism.Forromantics,thefeelings,intuitionsandemotionswere
7、moreimportantthanreasonandcommonsense.Theyemphasizedindividualism,placingtheindividualagainstthegroup.Theyaffirmedtheinnerlifeoftheself,andcherishedstronginterestinthepast,thewild,theremote,themysteriousandthestrange.Theystressedtheelement“Americanness”intheirworks
8、.(3)ItstartedwiththepublicationofWashingtonIrving’sTheSketchBookandendedwithWaltWhitman’sLeavesofGrass.(4)BeingaperiodofthegreatfloweringofAmeric
