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1、环境概论IntroductiontoEnvironment董方土木与水利工程学院第9讲WaterPollutionTypesofWaterPollutionSewage↑EnrichmentExplosioninalgal,bacteria,&decomposerpopulations↑Biologicaloxygendemand↓OxygenlevelsinwaterFishkillsTypesofWaterPollutionEffectofsewageondissolvedoxygenandbiologicaloxygendemand氧垂曲线Typesof
2、WaterPollutionCleanZoneDecompositionZoneSepticZoneRecoveryZoneCleanZoneNormalcleanwaterorganisms(trout,perch,bass,mayfly,stonefly)Trashfish(carp,gar,leeches)Fishabsent,fungi,sludgeworms,bacteria(anaerobic)Trashfish(carp,gar,leeches)Normalcleanwaterorganisms(trout,perch,bass,mayfly,s
3、tonefly)8ppmDissolvedoxygen(ppm)Biologicaloxygendemand8ppmTypesoforganisms4TypesofWaterPollutionEutrophication:AnEnrichmentProblemOligotrophiclake贫营养湖泊5TypesofWaterPollutionEutrophication:AnEnrichmentProblemEutrophiclake富营养湖泊62010年6月22日，安徽巢湖东半湖双桥河一带拍摄的大面积蓝藻。2010年6月22日，安徽巢湖东半湖双桥河一带拍摄
4、的大面积蓝藻。Dischargeofuntreatedmunicipalsewage(nitratesandphosphates)NitrogencompoundsproducedbycarsandfactoriesDischargeoftreatedmunicipalsewage(primaryandsecondarytreatment:nitratesandphosphates)Dischargeofdetergents(phosphates)Manurerunofffromfeedlots(nitrates,phosphates,ammonia)Diss
5、olvingofnitrogenoxides(frominternalcombustionenginesandfurnaces)Runoffanderosion(fromcultivation,mining,construction,andpoorlanduse)Runofffromstreets,lawns,andconstructionlots(nitratesandphosphates)LakeecosystemnutrientoverloadandbreakdownofchemicalcyclingNaturalrunoff(nitratesandph
6、osphatesNaturalrunoff(nitratesandphosphatesInorganicfertilizerrunoff(nitratesandphosphates)910TypesofWaterPollutionDisease-CausingAgents（MonitoringforSewage）Fecalcoliformtest粪大肠菌群实验11TypesofWaterPollutionSedimentPollutionLowsedimentload12TypesofWaterPollutionSedimentPollutionHighsed
7、imentload13WaterQualityTodayPointsourcepollution(e.g.,cyanidespill氰化物泄漏)Nonpointsourcepollution(e.g.,fertilizerrunofffromagriculturefields)WaterPollutionfromAgriculture72%ofwaterpollutioninriversattributedtoagricultureChemicalpesticidesmayleachintosoilandthenintowater.14WaterQuality
8、TodayMunicipalWater
