The Republic of Science Its Political and Economic Theory

《The Republic of Science Its Political and Economic Theory》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在学术论文-天天文库。

1、MINERVACLASSICSInlaunchingMinervain1962,EdwardShilsembracedawideagendaofissuesassociatedwithresearch,learningandhighereducation.Hehoped,inparticular,tomake`scientificandacademicpolicymorereasonableandrealistic'.FromtimetotimeMinervawillreprintfromitsearliestissues,articlesthathaveprovedtobesem

2、inal`classics'inthefield.Thesewillbeaccompaniedbycommentaries,writtenbyscholarswhohavebeeninvitedtoreflectontheirpastandpresentimportance.TheowlofMinervahasneverwaitedfortheshadesofthenight.Onthecontrary,itremainsinShils'phrase,acarrieroflight,reachingintoanewcentury,andtoanewscholarlygeneratio

3、n.TheEditorMICHAELPOLANYITHEREPUBLICOFSCIENCE:ITSPOLITICALANDECONOMICTHEORYMinerva,I(1)(1962),54–73Mytitleisintendedtosuggestthatthecommunityofscientistsisorganisedinawaywhichresemblescertainfeaturesofabodypoliticandworksaccordingtoeconomicprinciplessimilartothosebywhichtheproductionofmateria

4、lgoodsisregulated.MuchofwhatIwillhavetosaywillbecommonknowledgeamongscientists,butIbelievethatitwillrecastthesubjectfromanovelpointofviewwhichcanbothprofitfromandhavealessonforpoliticalandeconomictheory.Forinthefreecooperationofindependentscientistsweshallfindahighlysimplifiedmodelofafreesociety

5、,whichpresentsinisolationcertainbasicfeaturesofitthataremoredifficulttoidentifywithinthecomprehensivefunctionsofanationalbody.Thefirstthingtomakeclearisthatscientists,freelymakingtheirownchoiceofproblemsandpursuingtheminthelightoftheirownpersonaljudgmentareinfactcooperatingasmembersofacloselykn

6、itorganisation.ThepointcanbesettledbyconsideringtheoppositecasewhereindividualsMinerva38:1–32,2000.©2000KluwerAcademicPublishers.PrintedintheNetherlands.2MICHAELPOLANYIareengagedinajointtaskwithoutbeinginanywaycoordinated.Agroupofwomenshellingpeasworkatthesametask,buttheirindividualeffortsare

7、notcoordinated.Thesameistrueofateamofchessplayers.Thisisshownbythefactthatthetotalamountofpeasshelledandthetotalnumberofgameswonwillnotbeaffectedifthemembersofthegroupareisolatedfromeachother.Considerbycontrasttheeffectwhichacompleteisolation