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1、Law,FactandDiscretionintheUK,EUandtheUSA∗ProfessorPaulCraigTheelaborationandexplicationofthetestsforjudicialreviewoflaw,factanddiscretioninaparticularlegalsystemcan,asalladministrativelawyerswillknow,beacomplextask,sincethisistheverycoreofjudicialreview.Anyattempttoexplicatethetest
2、sforjudicialreviewoflaw,factanddiscretionacrossthreedifferentlegalsystemsisevenmoredifficult,buttheenterprisecanberewardingforthecomparativeinsightsthatittherebybringstotheresolutionofproblemsthatendemictoalllegalsystems.Thescaleofthetaskwillhoweverconstrainthemannerofexplication.I
3、tisclearlynotpossiblewithintheconfinesofthespaceandtimeavailablethiseveningtogiveaverydetailedanalysisofthesalientissues.Norwouldthatbeveryhelpfulfromtheperspectiveofcomparativeinsight,sinceexcessivedetailwouldmaskthesimilaritiesanddifferencesbetweenthelegalsystems.Whatfollowswillt
4、hereforenecessarilybeaschematicoverviewoftherelevantlawinrelationtoreviewoflaw,factanddiscretion,whichisdesignedtorevealthecommonalitiesanddifferencesbetweenUK,EUandUSlaw,andtherebysetthestagefordiscussionconcerningthepointsofcontactandcontrastwithFrenchlaw.11.JUDICIALREVIEW:QUESTI
5、ONSOFLAW1)Preliminary:a)Legalsystemswillcommonlydistinguishbetweenlaw,factanddiscretionforthepurposesofjudicialreview.Thenatureofthesedistinguishingcriteriacanbecontentious.Therearedifferingviews,forexample,astothecriteriaforregardinganissueasoneoflaw,asopposedtofact.Thisisanendemi
6、cprobleminalllegalsystems,andthecriteriatobefoundinanyonelegalsystemmaynotnecessarilybeappliedconsistentlybythecourts.Thecriteriafordistinguishingbetweenlawandfact,orlawanddiscretionmaymoreoverdifferasbetweenlegalsystems.Itwouldclearlybeimpossiblewithintheconfinesofthepresentdiscus
7、siontoconsiderthedetailedpositivelawforthethreesystemsunderscrutiny,sincethisintellectualexercisecouldeasilyoccupytheentiretyofthetimeatourdisposal.b)ForthepurposesofthepresentdiscussionIshallthereforedistinguishbetweenthetermslawandfactinthefollowingmanner.Theparadigminstanceoffac
8、tinvolvesadisputeastowhata
