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1、动词不定式动词不定式形式:一般式完成式进行式完成进行式主动tobuildtohavebuilttobebuildingtohavebeenbuilding被动tobebuildtohavebeenbuild动词不定式的主要用法:一、作主语 ⒈不定式作主语动词不定式作主语时,句子的谓语动词常用单数,其位置有以下两种: (1)把不定式置于句首。如:Togettherebybikewilltakeushalfanhour. (2)用it作形式主语,把真正的主语不定式置于句后,常用于下列句式中。如: ①It+be+名
2、词+todoIt‘sourdutytotakegoodcareoftheold. ②Ittakessb+sometime+todoHowlongdidittakeyoutofinishthework? ③It+be+形容词+forsb+todoItisdifficultforustofinishwritingthecompositioninaquarterofanhour. ④It+be+形容词+ofsb+todoItisstupidofyoutowritedowneverythingtheteachersays
3、. ⑤Itseems(appears)+形容词+todoItseemedimpossibletosavemoney.二、作宾语 ⒈不定式作宾语①以下动词后,只能跟不定式作宾语。如:agree,ask,aim,arrange,choose,decide,demand,expect,fail,help,hope,lean,long,manage,offer,plan,prepare,pretend,promise,refuse,wish等如: Idecidedtoaskformymoneyback.②当复合宾语中的宾
4、语是不定式时,先用形式宾语it代替不定式,把不定式置于补语之后,即:主语+动词+it+补语+todo句式。如: Wethinkitquiteimportantforustolearnaforeignlanguagewell.Hefeelsithisdutytohelpthepoor. ③介词but,except,besides+todo(do)在这种句型中,如介词前有动词do,后面应接不带to的不定式;如无do,则接to不定式,即带do不带to,带to不带do。如: Theenemysoldiershadnoch
5、oicebuttogivein.OnSundayafternoonIhadnothingtodobutwatchTV.④部分动词后面,既可接动词不定式,也可接动名词作宾语,意义不变。如:begin,continue,start,hate,like,love,need,require,want等。在need,require,want后接-ing形式,表示被动意义,也可接不定式,但要用被动形式,如:Yourhandwritingneedsimproving(tobeimproved). ⑤部分动词后接不定式或动名词时,意义差
6、别较大,应根据句子语境选择使用。 ①forget,remember,regret后接不定式,表示现在或未来的动作,接动名词表示动作已经发生。如: Don’tforgetfoposttheletterforme.HaveyouforgottenmeetingherinBeijingAirport? Remembertoclosethewindowsbeforeyouleave.Irememberwritinghimaletterayearago. Weregrettotellyouthatallofyouare
7、notinvitedtoattendthemeeting. Theyregrettedorderingthesebooksfromabroad. ②meantodo打算做某事meandoing意味着……Imeanttocatchupwiththeearlybus.Thismeanswastingalotofmoney. ③trytodo设法尽力做某事doing试着做某事 Youshouldtrytoovercomeyourshortcomings.Tryworkingoutthephysicsproblemi
8、nanotherway. ④stoptodo停下一件事去做另一件事(不定式作目的状语)stopdoing停止做某事 Onthewaytotheairport,Istoppedtobuyapaper.You‘dbetterstoparguinganddoasyouaretold.