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1、’CULTUREANDANARCHYMAwasbornatLaleham-on-ThamesonChristmasEve,theeldestsonandsecondoftheninesurvivingchildrenoftheRevdThomasArnoldandMaryPenroseArnold.HewaseducatedatWinchester;atRugbySchool,wherehisfatherwasheadmaster;andatOxford.In
2、hewaselectedtoafellowshipatOrielCollege,Oxford,andin–spentanextendedperiodoftimeinFrance.Hestartedtopublishhispoetryinthelatesandearlys.InhebecamepersonalsecretarytoLordLansdowne,aleadingWhigpolitician,throughwhoseinfluencehewasappointedinspectorofsch
3、oolsin,whichgavehimasecureenoughpositiontomarryFrancesLucyWightman.Itwasaclosemarriage,andtheyhadsixchildren(threeofwhomdiedyoung),towhomArnoldwasdevoted.MostofArnold’spoetrywaswritteninthefirsthalfofhislife,onthemesoflove,faithanddoubt,stoicismandaestheticpleasure.
4、Fromthemid-shisroleasacriticcameintoprominence.Whilstcontinuinghisjobasaschoolinspector,hepublishedreportsoneducationontheContinent,andbegantowriteregularlyfortheperiodicalpress.Hewroteabouttheplaceofliterature––andofcriticism––inmodernsociety,especiallydrawingoncl
5、assicalandEuropeanwriterstohighlightqualitieswhichhefeltwerelackingincontemporaryEnglishculture.AsProfessorofPoetryatOxford(–)healsodeliveredfourlecturesonthestudyofCelticliterature.Hispracticalandtheoreticalworkoneducationledhimtoawidersocialcriticism,whichboref
6、ruitinCultureandAnarchy.Hislifelongreflectiononhisownreligiousexperience,onthereligiouslifeofthenation,andontheideasofhisfather,wastodevelopfromthispointintowritingonexplicitlyreligiousthemes.Inthelatersandshereturnedtowritingaboutpoetry,andalsowentontwolecturet
7、ourstotheUnitedStates.InAprilhediedsuddenlyofaheartattackinLiverpool.JGisFellowandTutorinModernHistoryatWadhamCollege,Oxford.SheisafoundermemberoftheeditorialboardoftheJournalofVictorianCulture,andfromtoactedasConsultantEditorforWomenontheOxfordDic
8、tionaryofNationalBiography.’ForalmostyearsOxfordWorld’sClassicshavebroughtreadersclosertothewo