Unvoering the event structure of narrative英文学习材料

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1、toappearinGeorgetownUniversityRoundTable2001(Georgetown:GeorgetownUniversityPress)UncoveringtheeventstructureofnarrativeWilliamLabov,UniversityofPennsylvaniaOralnarrativesofpersonalexperiencehaveprovidedoneofthemostfruitfulareasforthestudyofdiscoursebecausethestructureofthesespeech1event

2、sisunusuallyclearandwelldefined.Thisdefinitionrestsuponaconceptionofnarrativeisoneofmanywaysofreportingpasteventsthathaveenteredintothebiographyofthenarrator.Anoralnarrativeofpersonalexperienceemploystemporaljuncturesinwhichthesurfaceorderofthenarrativeclausesmatchestheprojectedorderofth

3、eeventsdescribed(LabovandWaletzky1967).Iftheorderoftheclausesisreversed,theinferredorderofthereportedeventschanges.Thenarrativesthatusethisprincipleoftemporalorganizationarecharacterizedbyawellarticulatedstructurethatfollows,asIhopetoshow,fromcertainstructuralprinciplesnecessarilyinvolve

4、dinnarrativeconstruction.Thisreportwillattempttousethatstructuretomakeinferencesabouttherelationofanarrativeasitistoldtotheunderlyingeventsasthespeakerexperiencedthem.ThefirstpartofthepaperwilluseanarrativetoldbyanolderresidentofasmalltowninMichigan,reportingaterrifyingexperienceofhisboy

5、hood,todevelopthetoolsforlocatingtheunderlyingstructureofevents.ThesecondpartwillapplythesetoolstotheanalysisoftestimonybeforetheSouthAfricanTruthandReconciliationCommissioninwhichoneoftheperpetratorsofthecrimesinvolveddealswiththeresponsibilityforaseriesofmurders.Inthegreatmajorityofcas

6、es,theonlyinformationavailableonthenatureofthereportedeventsisinthenarrativeitself:thereisnoindependent1ThispaperwasfirstdeliveredatameetingoftheadvanceddiscourseseminartaughtbyProfessorHeidiHamiltonatGeorgetownUniversityinFebruary2001.Iamgratefultomembersoftheseminarforthefruitfuldiscus

7、sionwhichcontributedtotheformofthepapergivenatGURTinMarchandthepresentversion:AnneBerry,SylviaChou,ElisaEverts,PhilipLeVine,HeidiHamilton,KarenMurph,,AidaPremilovac,AnneSchmidt,NicoleWatanabe,AllaYeliseyevaandNajmaAlZidjaly.LabovUncoveringeventstructurePage22evidenceonwha