《西方文明简史》PPT课件

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1、ClassicalandHellenisticGreeceLECTUREⅢClassicalGreeceAround500B.C.—338B.C.(conquestofGreecebyMacedonia)ConfrontationSecondhalfof6thcenturyB.C.ThePersianempireconqueredIonia.499B.C.RevoltofIoniancities490B.C.RevengeofDariusThePersianWars490B.C.BattleofMarathon480B.C.BattlesofTh

2、ermopylaeandSalamis479B.C.BattleofPlataeaAthenianImperialismDelianLeague(478B.C.)Aneconomic,judicial,religious,andpoliticalunionheldtogetherbymilitarymightAthenianFreedomThefreedomofparticipationinpubliclife,especiallyself-governmentSovereigntylaywiththedemos—thepeople.TheAge

3、ofPericlesFromaround460-430B.C.,Pericles,agreatoratorandmilitarycommander,dominatedAthens.Expandingdemocracyathome:extensionofdemocracytoallfreecitizensAbolishthelastpropertyrequirementsforofficeholding.Paythoseservingonjuries.ExpandingAthenianempireabroadCulminationofAthenia

4、ncivilizationThePeloponnesianWarAseriesofwars431-421B.C.(peacetreaty)414-404B.C.(Athens’sunconditionalsurrender)CultureofClassicalGreeceCenter:PericleanAthensPrimarycharacteristic:criticalandrationalnaturePhilosophySophistsSocrates(470-399B.C.)Theunexaminedlifeisnotworthlivin

5、g.Plato(429-347B.C.)TheRepublicTheAcademyAristotle(384-322B.C.)AnalyzingandclassifyingthingsbasedonthoroughresearchandinvestigationWritingofHistoryHerodotus(484-420B.C.)Thefirsthistorian,“fatherofhistory”History:thePersianwarsHisconcerntoexplain,togobeyondmerestorytellingThuc

6、ydides(460-400B.C.)HistoryofthePeloponnesianWar:contemporaryrecordofthewarPoliticalhistorianDramaOrigin:annualfeastofDionysusTragediesAeschylusSophoclesEuripidesComediesAristophanesSatyrplaysArtThesearchforidealbeauty:reason,moderation,balanceandharmony;useofidealproportions,

7、basedonmathematicalratiofoundinnature.ReligionOneofthe12chiefgods/goddessesasaguardianofapolis.Festivalstohonorthegods,e.g.OlympicgamesOracle:toknowthewillofthegodsTheRiseofMacedonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Map_Peloponnesian_War_431_BC-en.svgAround400B.C.Emergeasanimpo

8、rtantkingdom338B.C.DefeatofAthensAnallianceoftheGreekstatescalledthe