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1、动词过去式和过去分词的变化规则 动词过去式和过去分词有规则变化和不规则变化两种。 一.规则变化 1.一般情况直接加ed,如ask—asked,work—worked 2.以不发音的e结尾,只加d,如love—loved,dance—danced 3.以辅音字母加y结尾,把y变为i,再加ed,如try—tried,study—studied 4.以一个元音字母和一个辅音结尾的重读闭音节结尾的动词(以重读闭音节或r音节结尾而末尾只有一个辅音字母),先双写末尾这个辅音字母,再加ed,如clap/shop/trip/chat/beg/drop/fit/hug/plan/pat/regret
2、/control注:A.以l结尾的动词,尾音节重读时,双写l,如control—controlled;尾音节不重读时,双不双写都可以,如travel—traveled(美)/travelled(英)。 B.读音与说明: ①-ed在清辅音音素后发音为[t]:helped,liked,finished,fetched,stopped,clapped ②-ed在浊辅音和元音后发音为[d]:believed,changed,planned,preferred,followed,stayed ③-ed在[t]、[d]后发音为[id]:wanted,needed,admitted,permitted
3、二.不规则变化 英语中有些动词的过去式和过去分词形式变化不规则,可主要分为几种情况。【AAA型】:put—put—putcut—cut—cutshut—shut—shutset—set—sethit—hit—hithurt—hurt—hurtcost—cost—cost★read/ri:d/—read/red/—read/red/let—let—letburst—burst—burst(n./v.爆发,突发;爆炸)cast—cast—cast(v.1.投,掷,抛,扔,撒2.投射(光、影、视线等)[(+at/on)]3.脱落;蜕(皮);丢)rid—rid—rid(vt.使摆脱;使去掉)spre
4、ad—spread—spread【ABB型】:(原形→aught/ought→aught/ought)catchcaughtcaughtteachtaughttaughtbringbroughtbroughtbuyboughtboughtthinkthoughtthought【原形→元音变化→元音变化】sitsatsatmeetmetmetfindfoundfoundgetgotgotstandstoodstoodunderstandunderstoodunderstoodwinwonwonholdheldheldshineshoneshonedigdugdughanghung/hangedh
5、ung/hanged【原形→“…t”→“…t”】loselostlostbuildbuiltbuiltspillspiltspiltspoilspoiltspoiltsendsentsentspendspentspentsmellsmeltsmeltfeelfeltfeltmeanmeantmeantlearnlearnt/learnedlearnt/learnedlendlentlent【原形→“…d”→“…d”】hearheardheardmakemademadehave(has)hadhadpaypaidpaidsaysaidsaidlaylaidlaidsellsoldsoldtell
6、toldtold【“ee/ea”→“e..t”→“e..t”】sleepsleptsleptsweepsweptsweptkeepkeptkeptleaveleftleft【ABC型】:【原形→变形→原形+en/ne】be(am,is)wasbeenbe(are)werebeenseesawseendodiddonegowentgonebeatbeatbeateneatateeatengivegavegivenhidehidhiddenfallfellfallenmistakemistookmistakentaketooktakendrivedrovedrivenriseroserisenri
7、deroderiddenwritewrotewritten【原形→“-o-”→“过去式-n”】breakbrokebrokenspeakspokespokenchoosechosechosenforgetforgotforgottenfreezefrozefrozenwakewoke/wakedwoken/waked(原形→“ew”→“原形-n”)drawdrewdrawnblowblewblow