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ID:38671818
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页数:4页
时间:2019-06-17
《人工智能:拥有不同于人类思维的机器》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。
1、人工智能:拥有不同于人类思维的机器Artificialintelligence:ThemachineswithalienmindsOursmartestmachineslooknothinglikewepredicted–hasthefieldlostitsway,ordoweneedtorethinkwhatAIactuallymeans,asksTomChatfield.Wouldmodernartificialintelligenceliveuptothedreamsofthefield’sfounders?Perhapsnot.Butinmanyways,th
2、esmartestmachineswehavebuiltareentitiestheynevercouldhaveimagined.In1956,attendeesofaresearchcampatDartmouthCollegeinNewHampshirecoinedthephrase"artificialintelligence"todescribeitseffortsto“findhowtomakemachinesuselanguage,formabstractionsandconcepts,solvekindsofproblemsnowreservedforh
3、umans,andimprovethemselves.”ComparethatwiththeAIprojectthatFacebookannouncedthismonth.Underoneoftheworld’smostprominentexperts,itwill“doworld-classartificial-intelligenceresearchusingalloftheknowledgethatpeoplehavesharedonFacebook”–withpotentialgainsincludingbuilding“servicesthataremuch
4、morenaturaltointeractwith.”Whatdoesthatmean?LikemuchofmodernAI,theywillbetrainingalgorithmstosiftandanalyseunimaginablyvastamountsofdatainthehopethatsmartanswerswillemerge.Google,IBMandmanyothersarenowusingthistechnique–calledmachinelearning–togreatcommercialsuccess,andthe“intelligence”
5、theycreateunderpinseverythingfromyourinternetsearchestoonlinelanguagetranslation.Sincethecalculationsofthesemachinesinvolvesmakingstatisticalcorrelationswithinhugecachesofdata,theirreasoningcanbeunfathomabletothehumanmind–oftenthesesystemsprovideapparentlyintelligentanswers,butnobodyhas
6、anyideahowtheycametotheirconclusions.YeteventhemostadvancedformsofmachineintelligencecannothopetopassforahumaninTuring’sfamoustest–letaloneusenaturallanguageordevelopconceptsthemselves,asthepioneershoped.Morethanhalfacenturyofresearchhasbroughtusafarmoresophisticatedgraspofwhatmachinein
7、telligencelookslike–buthasitlostitsway?OrdoweneedtoreframeourideasaboutwhatthetermAIactuallymeans?OnepersonwhobelievesprogressinAIhasfallenshortinmanywaysistheauthorandacademicDouglasHoftstadter–mostfamousforhisPulitzer-Prize-winning1979bookGödel,Escher,Bach–whoinarecentprofile
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