英美文学名词解释+

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1、1 the Lost Generation Ingeneral,thepost-WorldWarIgeneration,butspecificallyagroupofU.S.writerswhocameofageduringthewarandestablishedtheirliteraryreputationsinthe1920s.ThetermstemsfromaremarkmadebyGertrudeSteintoErnestHemingway,“Youareallalostgeneration.”Hemin

2、gwayuseditasanepigraphtoTheSunAlsoRises(1926).Thegenerationwas“lost”inthesensethatitsinheritedvalueswerenolongerrelevantinthepostwarworld.Theywereneveraliteraryschool.Inthe1930s,asthesewritersturnedindifferentdirections,theirworkslostthedistinctivestampofthep

3、ostwarperiod.TheLostGeneration:isatermusedtodescribeagroupofAmericanintellectuals知识分子,poets,artistsandwritersfledtoFranceinthepostWW1yearstorejectthevaluesofAmericanmaterialism唯物主义andtoseekthebohemian(放浪者)(apersonwithartisticorliteraryinterestswhodisregardsco

4、nventionalstandardsofbehavior)lifestyleinPairs.Fullofyouthfulidealism,theseindividualssoughtthemeaningoflife,drankexcessively,hadloveaffairsandcreatedsomeofthefinestAmericanliteraturetodate.Referstothedisillusioned使不再抱幻想intellectualsandaesthetes审美家oftheyearsf

5、ollowingWW1,whorebelledagainstformeridealsandvaluesbutcouldreplacethemonlybydespairoracynical愤世嫉俗的hedonism(快乐主义).Themainrepresentatives代表人ofLostGenerationincludeF.ScottFitzgerald,ErnestHemingwayandsoon.2SonnetAsonnetisapoeticformwhichoriginatedinItaly.Bytheth

6、irteenthcenturyitsignifiedapoemoffourteenlinesthatfollowsastrictrhymeschemeandspecificstructure.Conventionsassociatedwiththesonnethaveevolvedoveritshistory.Writersofsonnetsaresometimescalled"sonneteers".Oneofthebest-knownsonnetwritersisWilliamShakespeare,whow

7、rote154ofthem(notincludingthosethatappearinhisplays).OriginalItalianSonnetsarerhymedpoemsconsistingoffourteenlines,thefirsteightmakinguptheoctetandthelastsixlinesbeingthesestet.TheShakespeareanSonnet(whichdiffersslightlyfromtheItalian(orPetrarchian)Sonnetandt

8、heSpenserianSonnet)endwitharhymedcoupletandfollowstherhymeschemeababcdcdefefgg.Thus,theoctet/sestetstructurecanbealternativelydividedintothreequatrains(setsoffourlines)withalternatingrhym