增加产品成本

《增加产品成本》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。

1、1INCREASINGPRODUCTIONCOSTSBackgroundUSDAforecaststhattotalfarmproductionexpensesroseto$221billionin2005,up5percentfrom2004and12.6percentfrom2001.Highercostsfrompurchasedinputssuchasfuel,fertilizers,andpesticidesexplainmuchoftheriseintotalfarmproductionexpenses.Theinputpricespaidforfueland

2、fertilizerin2005spiked61.5percentandhavetripledin3years.Theseincreasesareparticularlysignificanttoproducersofprogramcropssuchascornandwheatwithrelativelylargeenergyusages.PricespaidandreceivedbyfarmershavegenerallyoutpacedgeneralinflationmeasuresintheU.S.economysinceenactmentofthe2002farm

3、bill.AnnualindexescompiledbytheNationalAgriculturalStatisticsService(NASS)showthatpricespaidbyfarmersforallitemsrose12.9percentfrom2002to2005.Thiswasgreaterthanthefinishedgoodsproducerpriceindex(PPI),whichrose12.1percentoverthesameperiod.Theeffectofpriceincreasesonprofitabilityvariesbyent

4、erprise.Productivityincreasesforsomecommoditiesmayoffsetrisesinproductioncosts.PricesPaidandReceivedbyFarmers20022005IndexchangeIndexIndexvalue(1990–92=100)PercentPricespaidbyfarmersAllfarms1/12414012.9Supplies/213214610.6Fertilizer/210917661.5Farmmachinery/214917215.4Fuel/2128256200.0Cro

5、pfarms/212814714.8Livestockfarms/212214014.8PricesreceivedbyfarmersAllfarms1/9811618.4Cropfarms2/1011010.0Livestockfarms2/9512127.41/Annualaverages.2/4thquarteraverages.Source:USDANASS2GeneralOpinionsExpressed·Manyparticipantsexpressedconcernoverrisingcostsoffuel,fertilizer,andotherenergy

6、relatedinputs.TheynotedthesecostincreaseswerehavinganegativeeffectonfarmprofitabilityandonthecompetitivenessofU.S.producersinworldmarkets.·Someofferedsuggestionsonhowhigherenergyandenergy-relatedinputcostscouldbeminimizedthroughvariousincentivesorprograms(typicallythroughthetaxcode)toincr

7、easerenewableoralternativeenergysources,achievegreaterenergyefficiencyinproductionsystems,orbolsterdomesticallyproducedinputuse.·Numerousparticipantsexpressedtheconcernthatoverallfarmproductioncostswererisingfasterthanthereturnstofarmproduction,makingitdifficultfore