欢迎来到天天文库
浏览记录
ID:38045460
大小:47.00 KB
页数:6页
时间:2019-05-23
《hjy基于plc的闸瓦液压机控制系统外文翻译》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在学术论文-天天文库。
1、TaxationhistoryoftheUnitedStatesFromWikipediaThehistoryoftaxationintheUnitedStatesbeganwhenitwascomposedofcoloniesruledbytheBritishEmpire,FrenchEmpire,andSpanishEmpire.AfterindependencefromEuropetheUnitedStatescollectedpolltaxes,tariffs,andexcisetaxes.TheUnitedStatesi
2、mposedincometaxesintermittentlyuntil1895whenunapportionedtaxesoninterest,dividendsandrentswereruledunconstitutional.Theadventofthe16thAmendmenttotheUnitedStatesConstitutionmodifiedtheapportionmentrequirementin1913,andsincethentheincometaxhasbecomeoneofthemeansoffundin
3、gtheFederalGovernmentIncomeforfederalgovernmentTariffshaveplayeddifferentrolesintradepolicyandtheeconomichistoryoftheUnitedStates.Tariffswerethelargestsourceoffederalrevenuefromthe1790stotheeveofWorldWarI,untilitwassurpassedbyincometaxes.Sincetherevenuefromthetariffwa
4、sconsideredessentialandeasytocollectatthemajorports,itwasagreedthenationshouldhaveatariffforrevenuepurposes.[1]ProtectionismAnotherrolethetariffplayedwasintheprotectionoflocalindustry;itwasthepoliticaldimensionofthetariff.Fromthe1790stothe2000s,thetariff(andcloselyrel
5、atedissuessuchasimportquotasandtradetreaties)generatedenormouspoliticalstresseswhetherduringthe19thcenturywiththeNullificationcrisisortheWTO.OriginsofprotectionismWhenAlexanderHamiltonwastheUnitedStatesSecretaryoftheTreasuryheissuedtheReportonManufactures,whichreasone
6、dthatapplyingtariffsinmoderation,inadditiontoraisingrevenuetofundthefederalgovernment,wouldalsoencouragedomesticmanufacturingandgrowthoftheeconomybyapplyingthefundsraisedinparttowardssubsidies(calledbountiesinhistime)tomanufacturers.ThemainpurposessoughtbyHamiltonthro
7、ughthetariffwereto:(1)protectAmericaninfantindustryforashorttermuntilitcouldcompete;(2)raiserevenuetopaytheexpensesofgovernment;(3)raiserevenuetodirectlysupportmanufacturingthroughbounties(subsidies).[2]ThisresultedinthepassageofthreetariffsbyCongress,theTariffof1789,
8、theTariffof1790,andtheTariffof1792whichprogressivelyincreasedtariffs.SectionalismTariffscontributedtosectionalismbetweentheN
此文档下载收益归作者所有