BEC备考国际商务英语历年真题及答案

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全国2011年4月高等教育自学考试国际商务英语及答案课程代码：05844　　Ⅰ.TranslatethefollowingwordsandexpressionsfromEnglishintoChinese.(10%)　　1.inadetour迂回　　2.competitivedevaluation竞争性贬值　　3.consignor寄售人　　4.customermobility客户流动性　　5.escapeclauses豁免条款　　6.shareholders股东　　7.potentialloss潜在损失　　8.carryingvessel运载船只　　9.negligent粗心大意　　10.specificduty从量税　　Ⅱ.TranslatethefollowingwordsandexpressionsfromChineseintoEnglish.(10%)　　11.债权国Thecreditcountry　　12.国际合同Internationalcontract　　13.定期付款/分阶段付款Termpayment　　14.被保险人Theinsured　　15.人口计划Thepopulationplan　　16.特惠税Thepreferentialduty　　17.基础设施项目Infrastructureconstructionproject　　18.装箱单Shippinglist　　19.破产Disrupted　　20.土地和劳动力LandandlaborforceⅢ.Matchthewordsandexpressionsontheleftwiththeexplanationsontheright.(10%)　　21.facilities(    d)a.thepriceorcostoftransportation　　22.premises(   g )b.easilytogobad　　23.middleman(   f ) c.nottodosomethingthathasbeenarrangedordecidedupon　　24.perishable(  b  )d.somethingdesigned,builtorinstalledtoserveaspecific　　functionorperformaparticularservice　　25.access(   j ) e.theactofpayingabill,debt,charge,etc.爱思英语学习网爱思英语-中国最受欢迎的英语学习网站-http://www.24en.com 　　26.controversy(   i ) f.traderthroughwhomgoodspassbetweentheproducerand　　thecustomer　　27.carriage(    a) g.atractoflandincludingitsbuildings　　28.settlement(   e ) h.anofficialgroupofpersonswhodirectorsupervisesome　　activitiesofafirm　　29.board(   h )i.publicargumentaboutsomethingwhichmanypeople　　disagreewith　　30.cancel(   c ) j.awaybywhichaplace,esp.propertycanbereachedor　　enteredorused　　Ⅳ.MakebriefexplanationsofthefollowingtermsorgivethefullnameoftheabbreviationinEnglish.(10%)31.termdraft远期汇票Adraftwhichrequirestopayaftersightorinagivenperiodoftimeafterrepresentationofrelevantdocuments.32.transferablecredit可转让信用证Creditwhichcanbetransferredtootherpartiesduringthetransportationofgoods.33.directquote直接报价Acertainamountofforeigncurrency,usuallyoneunitoronehundredunit,ismarkedwithequivalentamountofhomecurrency.34.acquisition收购Buyingexistingfacilities35.GATT关税和贸易总协定TheGeneralAgreementofTariffandTrade.　　V.AnswerthefollowingquestionsinEnglish.(20%)36.Whatarethefivemajormodesofthemodernfreighttransportationsystem?Water,air,road,rail,pipeline37.Whatdo“valued”policiesmean?Valuedpoliciesmeanthatacountryprovideinvestorswithpreferentialpoliciesforinsuredreturninordertoattractforeigninvestment.38.WhatisthepurposetoestablishGSP(theGeneralizedSystemofPreference)?ThepurposeofGSPistohelpdevelopmentofdevelopingcountriesbyprovidetariffconcessiontothem.39.WhatistherelationshipbetweenMNEsandtheirhostcountries?TherelationshipofMNEsandtheirhostcountriesisinterdependableandinteractive.　　Ⅵ.TranslatethefollowingintoChinese.(15%)40.TheBankforInternationalSettlement(BIS)isauniqueinstitution.Manyofitsoperationsareoftypesnormallyperformedbyacommercialbank,butitisownedprincipallybycentralbanks,andmanagedbycentralbanksandits爱思英语学习网爱思英语-中国最受欢迎的英语学习网站-http://www.24en.com principalcustomersarecentralbanks.TheobjectsofBISaretopromotethecooperationamongcentralbanksandtoprovideadditionalfacilitiesforinternationaloperations.国际结算银行是一个独特的机构。尽管它拥有商业银行的许多常规业务，但它却是由中央银行拥有，管理并将各国央行作为其主要客户。它的目标是促进各国央行间的合作，从而为国际贸易提供额外的支持。41.Inthe1970sand1980scountertradewasdifferentfromtheoldpracticealthoughsomesimilaritiesremained.Currentcountertradepartnersarenotnecessarilyfamiliarpartnersandgoodsexchangedaresometimesverticallyrelated.Currentcountertradecanbecategorizedasfollows.20世纪七八十年代，对销贸易尽管保留一些与过去相似的地方，但它却与过去明显不同。它的贸易伙伴不再是熟悉的伙伴，交易的商品也并不总是垂直相关的。现行的对销贸易可分类如下。　　Ⅶ.TranslatethefollowingintoEnglish.(25%)42．跨国公司是在一个以上国家拥有、控制和经营资产的商业组织。MNCreferstoancommercialorganizationwhichowns,controlsandmanagesassetinmoreotheronecountry.43．世界各国被世界银行分为三大领域：高收入国家，中等收入国家和低收入国家。CountriesintheworldaregroupedintofourcategariesbytheWorldBank:high-income,middle-income,andlow-incomecountries.44．企业投保的主要刺激是他们可以腾出资金，进行其他项目的投资。Themainstimulasforintreprisestoinsureisthattheycanreleasetheirfundsandinvestinotherprojects.45．信用证的付款方式对买卖双方都提供了保障。Thepaymentofcreditprovidesassurancetoboththebuyersandthesellers.46．世界上任何一个地方任何一种社会的经济增长都与利用运输有直接的关系。Inanyplaceoftheworld,theeconomicgrowthofanysocietyhasadirectrelationwiththeadoptionoftransportation.爱思英语学习网爱思英语-中国最受欢迎的英语学习网站-http://www.24en.com 全国2010年7月高等教育自学考试国际商务英语试题课程代码：05844Ⅰ.TranslatethefollowingwordsandexpressionsfromEnglishintoChinese（10%）1.incomedistributionofamarket市场收入分布2.setforth陈述,阐明3.cleancredit光票信用证4.equityinvestment股权投资5.akinto同类,近似6.endowmentofnature自然的赋予7.allrisks一切险8.non-tradesettlement非贸易结算9.standingcommittee常务委员会10.comparativeadvantage比较利益Ⅱ.TranslatethefollowingwordsandexpressionsfromChineseintoEnglish（10%）11.自由贸易区freetradezone12.进口税importduty13.开证银行openingbank爱思英语学习网爱思英语-中国最受欢迎的英语学习网站-http://www.24en.com 14.中间产品intermediateproduct15.对外直接投资foreigndirectinvestment16.技术转让transferoftechnology17.特别提款权specialdrawingrights18.制成品finishedgoods19.外汇短缺foreignexchangeshortage20.配额限制quotarestraintⅢ.Matchthewordsandexpressionsontheleftwiththeexplanationsontheright（10%）21.productivea.oneinwhichoneofthepartiesagreestosupply,atthecontractprice,acompleteproductreadyforuse,suchasanewhome,factory,ship,etc.22.primarycommoditiesb.absenceofagreement23.hyperinflationc.tosubstituteaclaimagainstonepersonforaclaimagainstanotherperson24.discrepancyd.apersonwhoownsmoney25.practitionere.producinginhighefficiencyorinlargequantity26.turnkeyprojectf.thosecommoditiesnotprocessed,oronlyslightlyprocessed,usuallyfarmproduceorrawmaterials27.constituteg.moneyheldasidetomeetfuturedemand28.subrogateh.makeup;amountto;form29.reservei.apersonengagedinthepracticeofaprofessionoroccupation30.debtorj.soaringofpricesbeyondcontrol21.__e____22.___f___23.___j___24.___b___25.__i____26.__a____27.___h___28.___c___29.___g___30.__d____Ⅳ.MakebriefexplanationsofthefollowingtermsorgivethefullnameoftheabbreviationinEnglish（10%）31.drawback:atarifftreatmentunderwhichacountryisrequiredtoextendtoallthesignatoriesanytariffconcessionsgrantedtoanyparticipatingcountries.32.confirmedcredit:Ifacreditisconfirmedbyabankotherthantheissuingbank,itisaconfirmedcredit.33.dirtyfloat:Thecentralbankstakevariousmeasurestointerveneinthepriceofitscurrency,thecurrentpracticeisoftencalledamanagedfloatordirtyfloat.34.internationallicensing:爱思英语学习网爱思英语-中国最受欢迎的英语学习网站-http://www.24en.com Ininternationallicensing,afirmreleasetherighttouseitsintellectualpropertytoanfirminanothercountry.Suchpropertymaybetrademarks,brandnamespatents,copyrights,ortechnology.35.IMF:ShortforInternationalMonetaryFund,wascreatedinDecember,1945tooverseethefunctioningoftheinternationalmonetarysystem.Ⅴ.AnswerthefollowingquestionsinEnglish（20%）36.Whyisitnecessarytochangetheterm“marineinsurance”into“transportationinsurance”?Becausegoodsdonotgooverseassolelybysea–airtransporttakesanincreasingshareofcargothesedays.Similarlyexportcargomovestothehinterlandinthesameway.37.WhatinstitutionsdoestheWorldBankGroupconsistof?TheWorldBankGroupconsistsofthreeaffiliates:theInternationalDevelopmentAssociation(IDA),theInternationalFinanceCorporation(IFC)andtheMultilateralInvestmentGranteeAgency(MIGA).38.Whydoestheexportersometimesrequireaconfirmedletterofcredit?Becausethecreditmountistoolargeorbecausetheexporterdoesnotfullytrusttheopeningbank.39.WhatarethetwowheelsofAPEC?Thetwowheelsaretradeandinvestmentliberationandfacilitationandeconomicandtechnicalcooperation.Ⅵ.TranslatethefollowingintoChinese（15%）40.Itshouldbenoted,however,thattheexistenceofaletterofcreditisnotaguaranteeofpaymenttoanyone.Itsexistenceonlyassurespaymenttothebeneficiaryifthetermsandconditionsoftheletterofcreditarefulfilled.Inaddition,aletterofcreditdoesnotinsurethatthematerialspurchasedwillbethoseinvoicedorshipped.然而应该注意到，有了信用证并不能保证对任何人付款，信用证只保证在其条款得到满足的情况下对受益人付款。另外，信用证不担保发票载明的货物或实际装运的货物就是所购货物。41.TheIFCwasestablishedin1956.Itsfunctionistoassisttheeconomicdevelopmentofless-developedcountriesbypromotinggrowthintheprivatesectoroftheireconomiesandhelpingtomobilizedomesticandforeigncapitalforthispurpose.MembershipintheIBRDisaprerequisiteformembershipintheIFC.国际金融公司成立于1956年，其宗旨是通过促进经济中私营企业的增长并为此目的帮助调动国内外资本，从而援助不发达国家的经济发展。参加国际金融公司的会员必须是世界银行的会员。Ⅶ.TranslatethefollowingintoEnglish（25%）42.在所有条款中，买卖双方各自的义务排列在10项标题下。Underallterms,therespectiveobligationsofthebuyerandtheselleraregroupedundertenheadings.爱思英语学习网爱思英语-中国最受欢迎的英语学习网站-http://www.24en.com 43.随着制造业和技术的发展，出现了另一个刺激贸易的因素，即国际专业化。Withthedevelopmentofmanufacturingandtechnology,therearoseanotherincentivefortrade,i.e.internationalspecialization.44.外汇汇率有三种形式，即：买进汇率，售出汇率和两者的平均值——中间汇率。Therearethreetypesofforeignexchangepricenamely：thebuyingrate,thesellingrateandtheaverageoftheprevioustwo-themedialrate.45.这些机构的共同目标是通过把发达国家的资金输送到发展中国家帮助这些国家提高生活水平。Thecommonobjectiveoftheseinstitutionsistohelpraisestandardsoflivingindevelopingcountriesbychannelingfinancialresourcestothemfromdevelopedcountries.46.自从进入WTO后，中国商业银行及保险行业日益受到来自国外同行的竞争。ChinesecommercialbanksandinsuranceenterpriseshavefacedtheincreasingcompetitionfromtheirforeigncounterpartssinceChinaenteredWTO.全国2010年4月高等教育自学考试国际商务英语试题课程代码：05844Ⅰ.TranslatethefollowingwordsandexpressionsfromEnglishintoChinese（10%）1.customsarea关税区2.rollon-rollofftraffic3.amendment4.goldstandard5.gilt-edgedstocks6.compoundduties7.discountrate8.certificateofquality9.nationaltreatment10.costeconomiesⅡ.TranslatethefollowingwordsandexpressionsfromChineseintoEnglish（10%）11．世界银行theWorldBank12.互利贸易13.保兑信用证confirmedletterofcredit14.装船通知15.增值税16.追溯到17.原产地港口18.货物保险19.商品交易会tradefairs20.目的地爱思英语学习网爱思英语-中国最受欢迎的英语学习网站-http://www.24en.com Ⅲ.Matchthewordsandexpressionsontheleftwiththeexplanationsontheright（10%）21.integrationa.theactofputtingmoneytouseinsomethingofferingprofitablereturns22.voluntaryofferb.connectingwiththeseaornavigation23.draftc.producingoptimumresultsfortheexpenditure24.viabilityd.combiningintoawhole25.investmente.apersonoranorganizationetc.thatreceivessomething26.exportearningsf.theamountpaidbyaninsuredforcoverageunderthecontract27.maritimeg.anoffermadeontheinitiativeoftheofferer28.premiumh.moneyearnedonthesaleofgoodstoothercountries29.cost-effectivei.abilitytosucceedinoperation30.recipientj.anunconditionalordertosomeonetopayasumofmoneyⅣ.MakebriefexplanationsofthefollowingtermsorgivethefullnameoftheabbreviationinEnglish（10%）31.absoluteadvantage32.irrevocablecredit33.indemnity34.greenfieldstrategy35.APECⅤ.AnswerthefollowingquestionsinEnglish（20%）36.WhyisitnecessarytoreviseIncotermsin1990?37.WhywastheSpecialDrawingRightcreated?38.Whatcontentsshouldbeincludedinafirmoffer?39.Whatdoesinternationalbusinessreferto?Ⅵ.TranslatethefollowingintoChinese（15%）40.Ininsuranceofallrisks,theinsurerisresponsiblefortotalorpartiallossordamagetotheinsuredgoodsarisingfromnaturalelementsorfromseaperils,includingalllossescausedbyaccidentstothecarryingvesselsorcraftorbyanyexternalcauses.Butitdoesnot,asitsnamesuggests,reallycoverallrisks.41.ThetermTriadreferstothethreerichestregionsoftheworld,theUnitedStates,theEuropeanUnionandJapanthatofferthemostimportantbusinessopportunities.AnyinternationalenterprisemustbearTriadinmindiftheywanttobesuccessfulintheincreasinglycompetitiveworldmarket.Ⅶ.TranslatethefollowingintoEnglish（25%）42.在正常的市场交易中，由于使用货币及市场手段，货物的买与卖是分别进行的。43.国际股票交易所提供了一种途径，使人们的存款能够为那些需要资金的人所利用。44.光票信用证主要用于非贸易结算，而在商品贸易中一般使用跟单信用证付款。45.无论人们是否喜欢，经济全球化已成为世界经济发展中的一个客观趋势。46.商业发票是对货物的质量、数量、单价和总价的一般描述。爱思英语学习网爱思英语-中国最受欢迎的英语学习网站-http://www.24en.com 全国2009年7月自考国际商务英语试卷课程代码：05844Ⅰ.TranslatethefollowingwordsandexpressionsfromEnglishintoChinese（10%）1.copyright2.percapitaincome3.non-discriminationprinciple4.broker5.exchangerate6.deferredpayment7.commoncarrier8.contractingparties9.validityperiod10.advaloremdutyⅡ.TranslatethefollowingwordsandexpressionsfromChineseintoEnglish（10%）11.比较利益（优势）12.跨国公司13.专业化14.金融市场15.循环信用证16.空运提单17.有价证券18.间接标价19.有形贸易20.发票Ⅲ.Matchthewordsandexpressionsontheleftwiththeexplanationsontheright（10%）21.firmoffera.asubsidiarycompanycontrolledbyanother22.shippingmarksb.allformsofman-madeobstructionstointernationaltradeotherthantariffs,includingprohibitionsandquotas,etc.23.affiliatec.capacitythatcanmoveorbemovedeasilyandquicklyfromplacetoplace24.insurancepolicyd.ofpersons,thepublic,havingthemoneytobuygoodsand爱思英语学习网爱思英语-中国最受欢迎的英语学习网站-http://www.24en.com services25.reimbursee.large-scalepublicservices,suchaswaterandpowersupplies,road,railandradiocommunications,etc.neededtosupporteconomicactivity,esp.industry,tradeandcommerce26.infrastructuref.paybacktosomebodyfortheexpenseshehasspent27.protectionismg.thetheoryofthesystemofdevelopinghomeindustriesthroughdutiesandothermeansimposedoncompetitiveimports28.mobilityh.anofferwhosetermsandconditionsarebindingontheofferer29.non-tariffbarrieri.whatisprintedontheouterpackingofgoodsassymbolforidentificationinthecourseoftransportation30.purchasingpowerj.adocumentusedforcoveringpossiblerisksⅣ.MakebriefexplanationsofthefollowingtermsinEnglish（10%）31.cleancredit32.offeree33.intellectualproperty34.jointventure35.goldreservesⅤ.AnswerthefollowingquestionsinEnglish（20%）36.Whatarethe3majorfunctionsofbilloflading?37.Explainbrieflythefollowingterms:applicant;openingbank;beneficiary;advisingbank;confirmingbank.38.Whataretheadvantagesofcountertrade?39.Whatisdocumentarycollection?Pointoutthedifferenttypesofit.Ⅵ.TranslatethefollowingintoChinese（10%）40.Thetransferablecreditisdesignedtomeettherequirementsofinternationaltrade.Itenablesamiddlemanwhoisreceivingpaymentfromabuyerunderadocumentarycredittotransferhisclaimunderthatcredittohisownsupplier.Inthiswayhecancarryouttransactionswithonlyalimitedoutlayofhisownfunds.Atransferablecreditmayonlybetransferredonce.Thesecondbeneficiarymaynotfurthertransferitunlessthereisanexpressprovisiontothiseffectintheoriginalcredit.Thislimitontransferabilityisintendedtopreventabuse.41.Acontractisanagreementbywhichtwopartiesmutuallypromisetobuyorsellsomeproducts.Inpractice,someinformalcontractsmaybereachedorally.Thisisunderstandable,butmayleadtounfortunateconsequences.Areasonableexportershouldatleastinsistonstrictobservanceofthelegalrequirementsincaseofordersthatarenotroutinetransactions.Whenthegoodsorderedrepresentaconsiderablevalue,aformalcontractembodyingalltermsoftheagreementshouldbepreparedinduplicate;eachcopyshouldbesignedbybothparties,andeachpartyshouldretainacopyofthecontract.爱思英语学习网爱思英语-中国最受欢迎的英语学习网站-http://www.24en.com Ⅶ.TranslatethefollowingintoEnglish（30%）42.尽管中国取得了很大的成就，但仍然面临巨大的挑战。一部分挑战和竞争来自于农业、银行业和保险业，还有一部分来自于一些国家所采取的贸易保护主义措施。43.没有可保利益的保险合同是无效的。而任何根据这类合同提出的索赔都不会被受理。44.最近几年运输功能引人注目的另一个因素就是越来越多的使用零库存系统。这种系统是以公司保持很少数量的生产投入为基础的。45.已装船提单表明货物已实际装上开往目的港的承运船只。46.国际货币基金组织旨在向那些在付款方面有困难的基金会员国提供中期贷款。全国2009年4月自学考试国际商务英语试题课程代码：05844I.Translatethefollowingwordsandexpressions:(10%)(i)FromEnglishintoChinese:1.usancecredit2.certificateoforigin3.intermediateproducts4.compensationtrade5.securities(ii)FromChineseintoEnglish:6.经济一体化7.母公司8.还盘9.保兑行10.充分就业II.Matchthewordsandexpressionsontheleftwiththeexplanationsontheright:(5%)()11.preferencea.alimitplacedbyagovernmentontheamountofimportsorexportsofacommodity()12.mandateb.apracticaladvantagegiventooneoverothers()13.quotac.socialornaturalcalamitiesthattakeplacebeyondthecontrolofacontractingparty()14.affiliated.authoritygiventoperformaduty()15.forcemajeuree.abusinessconcernownedorcontrolledinwholeorinpartby爱思英语学习网爱思英语-中国最受欢迎的英语学习网站-http://www.24en.com anotherconcernIII.MakebriefexplanationsofthefollowingtermsandgivethefullnameoftheabbreviationinEnglish:(20%)16.grossdomesticproduct(GDP)17.directexchangerate18.billofexchange19.insurableinterest20.ICCIV.Fillineachofthefollowingblankswithanappropriatewordfromthelist(Youcanonlychoose10fromthefollowing12wordsinthesquare):(10%)lackresultmediumthereforebyinbartermoneyequalwithbutexchangeHistorically,countertradewasmainlyconductedintheformof(21)________,whichisadirectexchangeofgoodsofapproximately(22)________valuebetweenparties,withno(23)________involved.Suchtransactionsweretheveryessenceofbusinessattimesduringwhichnomoney—thatis,nocommonmediumof(24)________—existedorwasavailable.Overtime,moneyemergedasaconvenient(25)________thatunlinkedtransactionsfromindividualpartiesandtheirjointtimingand(26)________permittedgreaterflexibilityintradingactivities.Repeatedly,however,wecanseereturnstothebartersystemasa(27)________ofenvironmentcircumstances.Conditionsthatencouragesuchbusinessactivitiesare(28)ofmoney,lackofvalueoforfaith(29)________money,lackofacceptabilityofmoneyasanexchangemedium,orgreatereaseoftransaction(30)________usinggoods.V.TranslatethefollowingintoEnglish:(25%)31.就出口商的利益而言，即期付款交单比远期付款交单有利。32.高收入国家和地区是高档消费品的主要市场，在吸引外资和对外投资方面都处于有利地位。33.绝对利益理论认为，一种商品将在其耗费资源成本低的国家进行生产。34.固定汇率制降低了国际贸易中的风险，并是抑制通货膨胀的重要手段。35.APEC建立于在澳大利亚首都召开的一次部长级会议，当时有12个成员国出席。VI.TranslatethefollowingintoChinese:(15%)36.Todayfew,ifany,countriesareeconomicallyselfsufficient.EvenChina,withitsvasthumanandnaturalresources,hasnotbeenabletoremainalooffromtheworldeconomy.IntheUnitedStates,internationalbusinesstouchespeople’slivesdaily.CommongoodsandservicessuchasShellgasolinestations,oftenidentifiedwiththeUnitedStates,are,infact,foreignowned.Internationalbusinessisbusinessconductedinmorethanonecountry,includingbuyingandsellinggoodsandservices.Otherinternationalbusinessactivitiesincludemarketing,manufacturing,mining,andfarming.Insum,internationalbusinessisallthepracticesabusinessinasinglecountrydoes,butattheinternationallevel.爱思英语学习网爱思英语-中国最受欢迎的英语学习网站-http://www.24en.com VII.AnswerthefollowingquestionsinEnglish:(15%)37.Whointroducedthetheoryofcomparativeadvantage?Whichtheorymakesmoresense,absoluteadvantageorcomparativeadvantage?Giveatypicalexampletoillustratethecomparativeadvantageofaparticularcountry.38.WhyiscontrollingcostsafirstmajormotivationforfirmstoundertakeFDI?全国2008年7月自考试题国际商务英语课程代码：05844I.Translatethefollowingwordsandexpressions:(10%)(i)FromEnglishintoChinese:1.purchasingpowerparity2.documentsagainstacceptance3.insurancepolicy4.just-in-timeinventory5.taxholiday(ii)FromChineseintoEnglish:6.特许经营7.关税同盟8.外汇市场9.证券交易所10.差别待遇II.Matchthewordsandexpressionsontheleftwiththeexplanationsontheright:(5%)（）11.subrogatea.todeveloptheuseof,makethebestuseof（）12.exploitb.themarketing,transporting,merchandising,andsellingofanyitem（）13.carriagec.thesendingofmoneyorthemoneysent（）14.remittanced.thepriceorcostoftransportation（）15.distributione.tosubstituteaclaimagainstonepersonforaclaimagainstanotherpersonIII.MakebriefexplanationsofthefollowingtermsandgivethefullnameoftheabbreviationinEnglish:(20%)爱思英语学习网爱思英语-中国最受欢迎的英语学习网站-http://www.24en.com 16.GeneralizedSystemofPreference17.sellingrate18.consignee19.Incoterms20.EUIV.Fillineachofthefollowingblankswithanappropriatewordfromthelist(Youcanonlychoose10fromthefollowing12wordsinthesquare):(10%)PromisetrustworthypaymentbankconditionalpaidWithexporterimporterasstrongertoAletterofcreditbeingtheundertakingoftheissuingbanktomake(21)______,thereputation,andthefinancialstrengthofthat(22)______areofprimeimportance.The(23)______thebank’sfinancialstandingisandthemoreprestigiousthebankis,themore(24)______itsletterofcreditappears.Furthermore,itshouldbenotedthatthebank’sundertakingtopayasprovidedinaletterofcreditisa(25)______one.Thebankwillliveuptoitspromiseonlywhenthestipulationsintheletterofcreditarecomplied(26)______bythebeneficiaryinduecourse.Inotherwords,thebeneficiary,the(27)______inforeigntrade,willbe(28)______onlyafterhehasdulyfulfilledhisobligations(29)______statedinthecredit.Insummation,aletterofcreditisabank’sconditional(30)______tomakeduepaymenttothebeneficiary.V.TranslatethefollowingintoEnglish:(25%)31.外国直接投资主要有三种形式：建立新企业，购买现成设备和建立合资公司。32.世界500强企业中有160多家企业总部设在美国，这160多家企业中有24家是全球前百名企业。33.GDP计算的是在一个经济体地理区域内所生产的所有实物产品和服务价值。34.国际商务的另一种重要形式是由一国居民向另一国提供资金，称为国际投资。35.每一份保险合同都需要有可保利益的支持，否则它就是无效的。VI.TranslatethefollowingintoChinese:(15%)36.Afteryearsofextraordinarilyrapiddevelopmentofitseconomy,Japanadvancedtotherankofsecondmosttechnologically-powerfuleconomyintheworldaftertheUS,butgrowthsloweddownmarkedlyinthe1990s,averagingjust1.7%,largelybecauseoftheafter—effectsofover-investmentduringthelate1980s.Governmenteffortstoreviveeconomicgrowthhavemetwithlittlesuccessandwerefurtherhamperedin2000-2003bytheslowingoftheUS,European,andAsianeconomies.Japan’shugegovernmentdebt,whichtotalsmorethan150%ofGDP,and爱思英语学习网爱思英语-中国最受欢迎的英语学习网站-http://www.24en.com theagingofthepopulationaretwomajorlong-runproblems.VII.AnswerthefollowingquestionsinEnglish:(15%)37.Whatisthebasicfeatureofeconomicglobalization?Andwhatmajorrolesdoesitplay?38.Whatisaninternationalturnkeyproject?InwhatwayisitsvariantBOTdifferentfromit?全国2008年4月自考国际商务英语试卷课程代码：05844I.Translatethefollowingwordsandexpressions:(10%)(i)FromEnglishintoChinese:1.intellectualproperty2.economicglobalization3.tradecreditaccount4.commoncarrier5.graceperiod(ii)FromChineseintoEnglish:6.关税壁垒7.起运港8.（汇率）间接标价9.资本市场10.反倾销II.Matchthewordsandexpressionsontheleftwiththeexplanationsontheright:(5%)（）11.infrastructurea.torestrictone’seconomicactivitiestocertainparticularfields（）12.drawbackb.apersonwhocarriesoninsuranceasabusiness（）13.underwriterc.Large-scalepublicservices,suchaswaterandpowersupplies,road,railandradiocommunications,etc.neededtosupporteconomicactivities,esp.industry,trade爱思英语学习网爱思英语-中国最受欢迎的英语学习网站-http://www.24en.com andcommerce（）14.specializationd.tokeepfixedorunchanged（）15.pege.dutiespaidonimportedgoodsthatarerefundedwhenre-exportedIII.MakebriefexplanationsofthefollowingtermsandgivethefullnameoftheabbreviationinEnglish:(20%)16.freetradearea17.jointventure18.openingbank19.indemnity20.BOTIV.Fillineachofthefollowingblankswithanappropriatewordfromthelist(Youcanonlychoose10fromthefollowing12wordsinthesquare):(10%)motiveswhichcarriedpenetrationovercostslong-termconclusioncontrastsecuritiesbytooForeigninvestmentisoftwokinds,portfolioinvestmentanddirectinvestment.Portfolioinvestmentisakindofinvestmentin(21)theinvestordoesnotexerciseanymanagerialcontrol.Theinvestoreitherholdsforeignbondsorothernon-equity(22)whichdonotconferownershiprightsortheinvestorholdsstockshares(orotherequities)inaforeigncompanyinanamount(23)smalltoexerciseanymanagerialcontrol.In(24),foreigndirectinvestmentisa(25)equityinvestmentinaforeigncompanythatgivestheinvestormanagerialcontrol(26)thatcompany.Foreigndirectinvestmentsaremainly(27)outbymultinationalcorporations.Surveysandcasesstudiesindicatethattheircommon(28)formakingforeigndirectinvestmentsarebasedonstrategicconsiderationsinvolvingmarket(29),technologicalknow-how,reducing(30)ofdistributionandtransportation,labor,rawmaterialsandpoliticalfactors.V.TranslatethefollowingintoEnglish:(25%)31.信用证不能给缔约双方提供绝对的安全。32.还盘可以针对发盘中的价格，付款条件，装运时间或其它条款提出。33.《国际贸易术语解释通则》的目的在于为外贸业务中使用最普通的贸易术语提供一套国际解释通则。34.国际商务比国内商务涉及的因素更多，因而更复杂。35.期权是一种合同，这种合同给予在特定时间内以商定价格买进或卖出某种证券的权利。VI.TranslatethefollowingintoChinese:(15%)36.Documentarycollectionisameansofpaymentensuringthatthegoodsareonlyhandedovertothebuyerwhentheamountshownonabillofexchangeispaidorwhenthecustomeracceptsthebillasacontracttopaybyaspecifieddate.Theexportersendsthebillofexchangeandtheshippingdocumentstohisbank,whichforwardsthemtoabankinthecustomer’scountry.Thisbank,ortheexporter’sagentsinthecountryconcerned,takesthedocumentstothecustomer.Ifitisasightbill,thecustomerpaystheamountdirectly.Ifitisatimebill,hesignsthebill,whichmeanshehas爱思英语学习网爱思英语-中国最受欢迎的英语学习网站-http://www.24en.com “accepted”itforpaymentwithinacertainspecifiedtime.Inreturnforeitherpaymentoracceptanceofpayment,thecustomerishandedtheshippingdocumentswhichgivetitletothegoods.VII.AnswerthefollowingquestionsinEnglish:(15%)37.Whatarethefactorsthatdecidethetypesofdocumentsrequireforaparticulartransaction?（7分）38.Isanenquirybindingontheenquirer?Whatisafirstenquiry,andwhatinformationshouldbegiveninit?（8分）全国2007年7月高等教育自学考试国际商务英语试题课程代码：05844I.Translatethefollowingwordsandexpressions:(10%)(i)FromEnglishintoChinese:1.contractmanufacturing2.tariffschedule3.voluntaryoffer4.creditworthiness5.thegreenfieldstrategy(ii)FromChineseintoEnglish:6.贸易术语7.不可撤销信用证8.自给自足9.储备货币10.所得税II.Matchthewordsandexpressionsontheleftwiththeexplanationsontheright:(5%)()11.vetoa.afterpresentationofthedraft ()12.shippingmarksb.thecompanythatcanmakeuseofanL/Ctogetpaidforitsexport()13.aftersightc.whatisprintedontheouterpackingofgoodsassymbolforidentificationinthecourseoftransportation()14.forumd.righttorejectorforbidsomething()15.beneficiarye.anoutletfordiscussionofmattersofinteresttoagivengroupIII.MakebriefexplanationsofthefollowingtermsandgivethefullnameoftheabbreviationinEnglish:(20%)爱思英语学习网爱思英语-中国最受欢迎的英语学习网站-http://www.24en.com 16.buyback17.grossnationalproduct18.most-favored-nationtreatment19.multi-modeltransportation20.IMFIV.Fillineachofthefollowingblankswithanappropriatewordfromthelist(Youcanonlychoose10fromthefollowing12wordsinthesquare):(10%)FluctuatedepreciateappreciatetocasedemandExceedswithriskyupwardexchangeexistenceFloatingrategraduallycameinto(21)______in1970’sduetoincreaseofforeigneconomicdisturbances.Thefloatingratesystemallowstheexchangerateto(22)______fromdaytodaytotallydependingonthesupplyand(23)______situationonthemarket.Compared(24)______fixedrate,thefloatingratesystemismore(25)______totraders,especiallyexportersandimporters,theanticipatedprofitcanbesimplyoffsetbythediscountincurreddueto(26)______ratefluctuation.Wherethesupplyofforeigncurrency(27)______itsdemand,thevalueofthisforeigncurrencywill(28)______andthepriceofthenationalcurrencyintermsofthisforeigncurrencywillbeforcedup.Inthis(29)______,exchangerateofforeigncurrencyiscalledfloatingdownward.Oppositely,theexchangerateoftheforeigncurrencywouldbecalledfloating(30)______ifdemandexceedssupply.V.TranslatethefollowingintoEnglish:(25%)31.经济全球化不仅涉及经济，而且对政治、文化、价值观和生活方式都有重要影响。32.建立跨国企业的目的是获取利润，利润无疑是跨国企业股东们的基本要求。33.合同是在协议基础上制定的，而协议是商务谈判的结果。34.在特定条件下，提高利率可以吸引国外短期资金，提高一国的外汇汇率。35.在知识产权保护不力的国家，最好不要采用国际许可经营。VI.TranslatethefollowingintoChinese:(15%)36.Thereisageneralmisconceptionthatmarket-seekingFDIindomesticsectorssuchasretailyieldslittledevelopmentimpact.Theoppositeistrue.FDIinretailhasbeenakeydriverofproductivitygrowthinBrazil,Poland,andThailand,resultinginlowerpricesandhigherconsumption.Large-scaleforeignretailersarealsoforcingwholesalersandfoodprocessorstoimprove.Andtheyarenowbecomingimportantsourcesofexports:TescoinThailandandWal-MartinBrazilareincreasinglyturningtolocalproductstofeedtheirglobalsupplychains.Retailalsohappenstobeapillarofthetourismindustry.VII.AnswerthefollowingquestionsinEnglish:(15%)37.GiveabriefaccountofthecharacteristicsofMNEs.38.Whatisthehighestformofeconomicintegration?Describebrieflythecharacteristicsofsuchaform.爱思英语学习网爱思英语-中国最受欢迎的英语学习网站-http://www.24en.com 全国2007年4月高等教育自学考试国际商务英语试题课程代码：05844I.TranslatethefollowingwordsandexpressionsfromEnglishintoChinese(10%)：1.countertrade2.hyperinflation3.EuropeanPaymentUnion4.consignment5.debit6.drawee7.partialshipment8.confirmedcredit9.entrepreneur10.clientII.TranslatethefollowingwordsandexpressionsfromChineseintoEnglish(10%)：11.肮脏浮动12.中间价13.汇率14.有价证券15.普惠制16.国民待遇17.反贴补措施18.免责条款19.殖民地20.领土III.Matchthewordsandexpressionsontheleftwiththeexplanationontheright(10%)：()21.permanenta.lasting()22.ratifyb.apersonorthingthatcloselyresemblesanotherinpositionorfunction()23.optimalc.thestateofbeingamemberofacertainorganization()24.membershipd.authoritygiventoperformaduty爱思英语学习网爱思英语-中国最受欢迎的英语学习网站-http://www.24en.com ()25.jointventuree.anoutletfordiscussionofmattersofinteresttoagivengroup()26.taxholidayf.apersonengagedinthepracticeofaprofessionoroccupation()27.practitionerg.makeanagreementoratreatyofficiallyvalidbysigningit()28.mandateh.aperiodoftimeduringwhichtaxisnotlevied()29.counterparti.bestormostfavourable()30.forumj.abusinesswheretheprovisionofriskcapitalissharedbetweentwoormorefirmsIV.MakebriefexplanationsofthefollowingtermsinEnglish(10%)：31.recipient32.worldcompany33.inflation34.applicantofanL/C35.middlemantraderV.AnswerthefollowingquestionsinEnglish(20%)：36.Howdoyoudefine“transportation”?37.Whatarecleandrafts?38.Whatisausancecredit?39.Whatisforeigndirectinvestment?VI.TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese(10%)：40.Astraightbillofladingismadeoutsothatonlythenamedconsigneeisentitledtotakedeliveryofthegoodsunderthebill.Thisconsigneeisdesignatedbytheshipper.Thecarrierhastohandoverthecargotothenamedconsignee,nottoanythirdpartyinpossessionofthebill.Thiskindofbillofladingisnottransferable.Theshippercan’tpassthebilltoathirdpartybyendorsement.Becauseofthelimitedfunctions,thisbillisinveryrestrictedapplication.Whengoodsareshippedonanon-commercialbasis,suchassamplesorexhibits,orwhenthegoodsareextremelyvaluable,astraightbillofladingisgenerallyissued.VII.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish(30%)：41.经济联盟的成员国不仅要在税收，政府开支，企业策略等方面保持一致，而且还应使用同一的货币。42.在国际贸易中进出口双方都面临风险，因为总存在对方不履约的可能。43.保险是一种风险转移机制。通过保险个人或企业可以将生活中一些不确定因素转移给其他人。44.合同依法实施，未能履行合同义务的一方可能受到起诉，并被强制做出赔偿。45.国际贸易一般指不同国家的当事人进行的交易，它涉及到许多因素，因而比国内贸易复杂得多。爱思英语学习网爱思英语-中国最受欢迎的英语学习网站-http://www.24en.com 2007年4月自考国际商务英语试卷参考答案I．1．对销贸易，反向贸易2．极度通货膨胀3．欧洲支付联盟4．寄售5．借方6．受票人7．分批装运8．保兑信用证9．企业家l0．顾客II.11.dirtyfloat12.medialrate13.exchangerate14.securities15.GeneralizedSystemofPreferences16.nationaltreatment17.counter-veiling-measures18.escapeclauses19.colony20.territoryIII.21.a22.g23.i24.c25.j26.h27.f28.d29.b30.eIV.31.Apersonoranorganizationetc.thatreceivessomething32.Amultinationalcompanywhosenationalidentityhasbeenblurred33.Riseinpricesbroughtaboutbytheexcessdemand,expansionofmoneysupply,creditetc34.TheimporterthatgoestoabankfortheestablishmentofanL/C35.PersonthroughwhomgoodspassbetweentheproducerandtheconsumerV．评分参考意见：回答正确，基本上没有语法与拼写错误，用词基本上达意，满分；回答略微偏离题意，扣1。2分，回答不符合题意，扣2—3分。有语法与拼写错误，或用词不能达意，酌情扣分，最多扣2分。)：36.Inabroadsense,transportationisdefinedasthemovementoffreightandpassengersfromonelocationtoanother.37.Cleandraftsaredraftswhicharenotaccompaniedbytheshippingdocuments.爱思英语学习网爱思英语-中国最受欢迎的英语学习网站-http://www.24en.com 38.Ausancecreditisonebywhichpaymentcannotbemadeuntilaspecificdateoraspecifictimeafterthedateoraftersight.39.Foreigndirectinvestmentisthemajorformofinternationalinvestment,wherebyresidentsofonecountryacquireassetsinaforeigncountryforthepurposeofcontrollingandmanagingthem.VI．(本大题共l0分。表达正确，清楚，意思完整得满分；意思基本正确，有少量语言错误得8-6分；表达不够清楚，语言错误较多得5一3分；表达不清楚，语言错误多，得2分以下。每句扣分如下所示：Astraightbillofladingismadeoutsothatonlythenamedconsigneeisentitledtotakedeliveryofthegoodsunderthebill(2分).Thisconsigneeisdesignatedbytheshipper(1分).Thecarrierhastohandoverthecargotothenamedconsignee,nottoanythirdpartyinpossessionofthebill(2分).Thiskindofbillofladingisnottransferable(1分).Theshippercan'tpassthebilltoathirdpartybyendorsement(1分).Becauseofthelimitedfunctions,thisbillisinveryrestrictedapplication(1分).Whengoodsareshippedonanon-commercialbasis,suchassamplesorexhibits,orwhenthegoodsareextremelyvaluable,astraightbillofladingisgenerallyissued(2分).40．记名提单是为了只让规定的收货人提取该提单项下的货物。收货人是由托运人指定的。承运人必须把货物交给指定的收货人，而不能交给任何持有该提单的第三方。这种提单是不可转让的，托运人不能通过背书将其转给第三方。由于作用受到限制，这种提单使用很有限，一般是在运输样品，展品之类的非赢利目的的货物，或特别贵重商品时使用记名提单。Ⅶ．(本大题共5小题，每小题6分，共30分。句型正确，意思完整，无语言错误得满分；句型基本正确，有个别语言错误得5～4分；句型基本正确，语言错误多，得3～1分；不成句的，不得分。)41.Themembersofaneconomicunionarerequirednotonlytoharmonizetheirtaxation,governmentexpenditure,industrypolicies,etc.,butalsousethesamecurrency.42.Ininternationaltrade,boththeexporterandimporterfacerisksasthereisalwaysthepossibilitythattheotherpartymayfailtofulfillthecontract.43.Insuranceisarisktransfermechanism,bywhichtheindividualorthebusinessenterprisecanshiftsomeoftheun-certaintyoflifetotheshouldersofothers.44.Acontractisenforceablebylaw,andthepartythatfailstofulfillhiscontractualobligationsmaybesuedandforcedtomakecompensation.45.Internationalbusinessreferstotransactionbetweenpartiesfromdifferent,countries.itinvolvesmorefactorsandthusismorecomplicatedthandomesticbusiness.爱思英语学习网爱思英语-中国最受欢迎的英语学习网站-http://www.24en.com 全国2006年7月高等教育自学考试国际商务英语试题课程代码：05844Ⅰ.TranslatethefollowingwordsandexpressionsfromEnglishintoChinese（10%）1.trademark2.GrossDomesticProduct3.nationalincome4.escapeclause5.capitalmarket6.commission7.usancecredit8.arbitration9.transshipment10.documentarycollectionⅡ.TranslatethefollowingwordsandexpressionsfromChineseintoEnglish（10%）11.承运人12.发盘（报盘）13.货号14.商业发票15.期权16.清算系统(制度)17.知识产权18.储备货币19.卖出价20.增值税Ⅲ.Matchthewordsandexpressionsontheleftwiththeexplanationsontheright（10%）21.indemnitya.apersoncoveredbyaninsurancepolicy22.advaloremdutiesb.theamountpaidbyaninsuredforcoverageunderthecontract23.sightcreditc.compensationforloss24.insuredd.acreditbywhichpaymentcanbemadeuponpresentationofthedraft25.specializatione.themainbodyofacontract爱思英语学习网爱思英语-中国最受欢迎的英语学习网站-http://www.24en.com 26.contractproperf.socialornaturalcalamitiesthattakeplacebeyondthecontrolofacontractingparty27.premiumg.dutiesleviedonthebasisofthepriceofthegoods28.forcemajeureh.torestrictone’seconomicactivitiestocertainparticularfields29.liberalizationoftradei.thosecommoditiesnotprocessed,oronlyslightlyprocessed,usuallyfarmproduceorrawmaterials30.primarycommoditiesj.theactofgovernmentinliftingcontrolsoverimportsandexportsⅣ.MakebriefexplanationsofthefollowingtermsinEnglish（10%）31.anti-dumping32.acquisition33.devaluation34.subrogate35.confirmingbankⅤ.AnswerthefollowingquestionsinEnglish（20%）36.Whatislicensing?Whydofirmssometimeschooseitasameansofenteringaforeignmarket?37.WhatisComparativeAdvantage?38.DescribebrieflythecharacteristicsofMNEs.39.WhatisthedifferencebetweenD/PatsightandD/Paftersight?Whichismorefavourablefortheexporter?Ⅵ.TranslatethefollowingintoChinese（10%）40.Inchoosingatransportationmodeforaparticularproduct,shippersconsiderasmanyassixcriteria:speed,frequency,dependability,capability,availabilityandcost.Thusifashipperseeksspeed,airandtruckaretheprimecontenders.Ifthegoalislowcost,thenwaterandpipelinearetheprimecontenders.Shippersareincreasinglycombiningtwoormoretransportationmodes,thankstocontainerization.Containerizationconsistsofputtingthegoodsinboxesortrailersthatareeasytotransferbetweentwotransportationmodes.Eachcoordinatedmodeoftransportationoffersspecificadvantagestotheshipper.41.Thepracticaladvantagesexistduetothepeculiarenvironmentwithinwhichcountertradeusuallytakesplace.Theyquitelikelydisappearwhentheenvironmentchanges—asishappeningnowinmanycountries.Restructuringandthedevelopmentofmarketsmaythereforemeanthattheenvironmentwithinwhichcountertradeusuallytakesplaceischangingsoastoreduceitsfrequency.Reducedownershiprestrictionsarelikelytoshifttheorganizationalformstowardjointventuresandwholly-ownedenterpriseswhichpossessproductionfacilities.Improvedknowledge,experience,andlegalenforcementofcontractualobligationswilllikelymeanincreasinguseoflongertermandmoresophisticatedexplicittransactioncontracts.爱思英语学习网爱思英语-中国最受欢迎的英语学习网站-http://www.24en.com Ⅶ.TranslatethefollowingintoEnglish（30%）42.加入世界贸易组织对中国有益，因为它将促进中国的改革和发展，提高商品和服务的质量，降低商品成本和服务费用，刺激投资和创造就业机会，改善法制。43.清洁提单指货物在表面状况良好的情况下装船，这意味着提单上未加任何有关包装或货物外表不良的批注。44.欧洲委员会是欧盟的管理机构之一，此机构将提议呈交给部长理事会做决定，并监督各成员国根据所制定的条约履行自己的义务。45.为了处理国际贸易中的不同形势，各种支付方法便发展了起来。46.如果投保的险别不是造成损失的直接原因，保险公司将不予赔偿。全国2006年4月高等教育自学考试国际商务英语试题课程代码：05844(请将答案填在答题纸相应的位置上)Ⅰ.TranslatethefollowingwordsandexpressionsfromEnglishintoChinese（10%）1.certificateoforigin2.logistics3.privatecarrier4.idlefunds5.barter6.balanceofpayment7.graceperiod8.patent9.maturity爱思英语学习网爱思英语-中国最受欢迎的英语学习网站-http://www.24en.com 10.portfolioinvestmentⅡ.TranslatethefollowingwordsandexpressionsfromChineseintoEnglish（10%）11.东道国12.从量税13.还盘14.可转让装运单据15.补偿贸易16.直接标价17.跟单汇票18.不可撤销信用证19.资金周转20.领事发票Ⅲ.Matchthewordsandexpressionsontheleftwiththeexplanationsontheright（10%）21.subrogatea.oneformofactionwhichmaybetakenbyagovernmenttoprotectindustriesfromunfaircompetitionbywhichgoodsaresoldatapricelowerthaninthecountrywheretheyaremanufactured22.underwriterb.companyexpansionthroughthepurchaseofotherbusiness23.purchasecontractc.theactofgovernmentinreducingbylawtheexchangevalueofitscurrencyinunitsofgoldorascomparedwithothercurrencies24.invoiced.tosubstituteaclaimagainstonepersonforaclaimagainstanotherperson25.devaluatione.apersonwhocarriesoninsuranceasabusiness26.anti-dumpingf.adocumentforthegeneraldescriptionofthegoodsandtheprice27.acquisitiong.theimporterthatgoestoabankfortheestablishmentofanL/C28.offereeh.thebankthataddsitsowncommitmenttoanL/C29.applicantofanL/Ci.acontractmadebythebuyer30.confirmingbankj.thepartytowhomanofferismadeⅣ.MakebriefexplanationsofthefollowingtermsinEnglish（10%）31.premium32.sightcredit33.contractproper34.forcemajeure爱思英语学习网爱思英语-中国最受欢迎的英语学习网站-http://www.24en.com 35.primarycommoditiesⅤ.AnswerthefollowingquestionsinEnglish（20%）36.ExplaintheconceptsofGNPandGDPrespectivelyandpointouttheirmajordifference.37.Whatisthemostfavourednationtreatment?Isitaveryspecialtreatment?why?38.Canyousummarizebrieflythefactorsthathavecausedthechangesinthetransportationindustry?39.Whatdoes“foreignequities”referto?Isitbecominganimportantpartofsecuritiesbusiness?Ⅵ.TranslatethefollowingintoChinese（10%）40.UNCTADistheintergovernmentalbodywithintheUNsystemforcomprehensivereviewoftrade,developmentandotherrelatedissues.UNCTADisdesignedtopromotetradeandeconomicdevelopmentofallcountries,particularlydevelopingcountries.Overthe40-plusyearssinceitsfounding,UNCTADhasplayedanimportantroleinfosteringNorth-Southdialogueandcooperation,promotingtradeandeconomicdevelopmentofthedevelopingcountriesandassistingtheminspeedingupintegrationintothemultilateraltradingeconomy.41.AllowingforeignbankstoentertheChinesemarketwillexertapositiveinfluenceondomesticbanks,makingChinesebanksmorecompetitive,introducingnewtechnologyandinformationandprovidingadditionalfunds.Butintheshortandnot-so-longtermfutureafterforeignbanksentertheChinesemarket,thesebankswillbeabletouselowerpricesandefficientservices,includingsuchservicesastele-banking,towinoveralargenumberofcustomersfromdomesticbanks,especiallyprizedcustomers.Thiswillresultinacutintheamountoffundsinthehandsofdomesticbanks.Thetoughestchallengethegovernmentwillfacewillbetoeliminatebaddebts,implementcautiousandstandardriskmanagementmodels,andtightenupbankadministrationsothatdomesticbankscanadapttointernationalcompetition.Ⅶ.TranslatethefollowingintoEnglish（30%）42.比较利益并不是一个静止的概念，一个国家可以通过自己的行动发展某种特定的比较利益。43.经济联盟的成员国不仅要在税收、政府开支、企业策略等方面保持一致，而且还应该使用同一的货币。44.除了国际贸易和投资，国际许可和特许经营有时也是进入国外市场的一种方式。45.保险是一种转移机制。通过保险个人或企业可以将生活中的一些不确定因素转移给其他人。46.包装需按运输的要求进行,在大多数情况下，卖方明确知道把货物安全地运到目的地所需要的包装。更多BEC备考资料：http://www.24en.com/bec/爱思英语学习网爱思英语-中国最受欢迎的英语学习网站-http://www.24en.com