资源描述:
《The Lifecycle of Memes》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在行业资料-天天文库。
1、TheLifecycleofMemesByHenrikBjarneskans,BjarneGr鴑nevikandAndersSandbergAbstractMemes,selfreproducingmentalinformationstructuresanalogoustogenesinbiology,canbeseenasthebasisforanexplanatorymodelofculturalandpsychologicalbehaviour.Theirpropertiesandeffectsareevolut
2、ionaryconditionedandultimatelyseekstopromotetheirreplication.Tosurviveinacontextthememesmustmeetcertainconditions.Weabstractamodeloftheseconditionsanduseittoanalysethreewell-knownmemes:the"Kilroywashere"graffiti,urbanlegendsandChristianity.TableofContentsAbstrac
3、t1.WhatisaMeme?1.1DefiningMemes1.2.IssuesinMemetics2.TheLifecycleofMemes2.1.TransmissionPhase2.2.Decoding2.3.InfectionPhase2.4.EncodingandSpread2.5.SummaryofModel3.ThreeIlluminatingExamples3.1.The"KilroyWasHere"Meme3.2.UrbanLegends3.3.ChristianityFootnotesRefere
4、nces1.WhatisaMeme?MemeswereoriginallydescribedbyRichardDawkinsinhisbookTheSelfishGene(1976)[1]aunitofculturaltransmission,oraunitofimitation.---Examplesofmemesaretunes,ideas,catch-phrases,clothesfashions,waysofmakingpotsorbuildingarches.Justasgenespropagateinthe
5、genepoolviaaprocesswhich,inthebroadsensecanbecalledimitation.Ifascientisthears,orreadsabout,agoodidea,hepassesitontohiscolleaguesandstudents.Hementionsitinhisarticlesandhislectures.Iftheideacatcheson,itcanbesaidtopropagateitself,spreadingfrombraintobrain.Whatmak
6、esthememeconceptsopowerfulisitscloseanalogiestothetheoryofnaturalselection.Naturalselectionoccurswheneverthefollowingconditionsexist(Dennet1990):1.Variation:acontinuingabundanceofdifferentelements.2.Heredityorreplication:theelementshavethecapacityofcreatingcopie
7、sorreplicasofthemselves.3.Differential"fitness":thenumberofcopiesofanelementthatarecreatedinagiventimevaries,dependingontheinteractionbetweenthefeaturesofthatelement(whateveritisthatmakesitdifferentfromotherelements)andfeaturesoftheenvironmentinwhichitpersists.T
8、hisisaquitegeneraldefinitionwhichisnotlimitedtobiology,andsuggeststhatmemesaresubjecttonaturalselection:theyvary(dueto"mutations"intransmissionormentalstorage,plusdel