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1、TheLifecycleofMemesByHenrikBjarneskans,BjarneGr鴑nevikandAndersSandbergAbstractMemes,selfreproducingmentalinformationstructuresanalogoustogenesinbiology,canbeseenasthebasisforanexplanatorymodelofculturalandpsychologicalbehaviour.Theirpropertiesandeffectsareevolutionaryconditionedandultimatelyseekstop
2、romotetheirreplication.Tosurviveinacontextthememesmustmeetcertainconditions.Weabstractamodeloftheseconditionsanduseittoanalysethreewell-knownmemes:the"Kilroywashere"graffiti,urbanlegendsandChristianity.TableofContentsAbstract1.WhatisaMeme?1.1DefiningMemes1.2.IssuesinMemetics2.TheLifecycleofMemes2.1.
3、TransmissionPhase2.2.Decoding2.3.InfectionPhase2.4.EncodingandSpread2.5.SummaryofModel3.ThreeIlluminatingExamples3.1.The"KilroyWasHere"Meme3.2.UrbanLegends3.3.ChristianityFootnotesReferences1.WhatisaMeme?MemeswereoriginallydescribedbyRichardDawkinsinhisbookTheSelfishGene(1976)[1]aunitofculturaltrans
4、mission,oraunitofimitation.---Examplesofmemesaretunes,ideas,catch-phrases,clothesfashions,waysofmakingpotsorbuildingarches.Justasgenespropagateinthegenepoolviaaprocesswhich,inthebroadsensecanbecalledimitation.Ifascientisthears,orreadsabout,agoodidea,hepassesitontohiscolleaguesandstudents.Hementionsi
5、tinhisarticlesandhislectures.Iftheideacatcheson,itcanbesaidtopropagateitself,spreadingfrombraintobrain.Whatmakesthememeconceptsopowerfulisitscloseanalogiestothetheoryofnaturalselection.Naturalselectionoccurswheneverthefollowingconditionsexist(Dennet1990):1.Variation:acontinuingabundanceofdifferentel
6、ements.2.Heredityorreplication:theelementshavethecapacityofcreatingcopiesorreplicasofthemselves.3.Differential"fitness":thenumberofcopiesofanelementthatarecreatedinagiventimevaries,dependingontheinteractionbetweenthefeaturesofthatelement(whateveritisthatmakesitdifferentfromotherelements)andfeatureso
7、ftheenvironmentinwhichitpersists.Thisisaquitegeneraldefinitionwhichisnotlimitedtobiology,andsuggeststhatmemesaresubjecttonaturalselection:theyvary(dueto"mutations"intransmissionormentalstorage,plusdel
