RDX HMX and CL-20, Crystallization and Characterization of

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1、CRYSTALGROWTHCrystallizationandCharacterizationofRDX,HMX,and&DESIGNCL-20XXXXAntoineE.D.M.vanderHeijden*andRichardH.B.BoumaVOL.0,NO.01-9TNOPrinsMauritsLaboratory,ResearchGroupsPyrotechnicsandEnergeticMaterials&PropertiesofEnergeticMaterials,P.O.Box45,2280AARij

2、swijk,TheNetherlandsReceivedJanuary18,2004;RevisedManuscriptReceivedMarch31,2004ABSTRACT:Inthispaper,aselectionoftheresultsobtainedonthecrystallizationoftheenergeticmaterialsRDX,HMX,andCL-20willbebrieflyreported.Furthermore,theshocksensitivityoftheseexplosive

3、s,whenincorporatedinaso-calledplasticbondedexplosive(PBX),willbediscussedinmoredetail.OneofthemostimportantresultsisadirectcorrelationbetweenthemeandensityoftheenergeticmaterialandtheshocksensitivityofthePBXcontainingthisexplosive.Thisimpliesthat,similartoman

4、yothersolidmaterials,theabilitytocontroltheproductqualityisalsooneofthemajorkeyfactorsplayingaroleduringthecrystallizationoftheseenergeticmaterials.1.IntroductionAtTNOPrinsMauritsLaboratory,thecrystallizationandcharacterizationofenergeticmaterialswereiniti-at

5、edattheendofthe80s.TheresearchtopicsfocusedinthefirstinstanceonthecrystallizationandproductcharacterizationofthenitramineRDX1-3andlateralsoofHMX4-6andCL-20.7,8Particularemphasiswasgiventotherelationbetweenproductqualityandsensitivityofplasticbondedexplosives(

6、PBXs)containingtheseenergeticcrystals.Theresultscanbeappliedinthedevelopmentofinsensitivemunitions(IM),withtheobjectivetoreachsaferstorage,transport,andhandlingofmunitionitemsandexplosiveswhile(atleast)main-tainingtheirperformance.Recently,anewgradecalledI-RD

7、X,wheretheIreferstoinsensitive,wasintroduced.9ItwasshownthatthisI-RDXisconsiderablylesssensitivecomparedtothenormalRDXgrades,althoughathoroughunderstand-ingofwhatiscausingthiseffectisstilllacking.Figure1.The2.0-Lcrystallizer.Inthispaper,thecrystallizationandc

8、haracterizationofthenitraminesRDX,HMX,andCL-20arereported.tubeandfourbaffles.ArefluxunitpreventsevaporationSpecialattentionisgiventotherelationbetweentheofthesolvent,especiallyduringcooli