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1、AnIntroductiontoATMOSPHERICPHYSICSSecondEditionThisisVolume25inINTERNATIONALGEOPHYSICSSERIESAseriesofmonographsandtextbooksEditedbyJ.VANMIEGHEM(1959-1976)andANTONL.HALESAcompletelistofthebooksinthisseriesappearsattheendofthisvolume.AnIntroductiontoATMOSPHERICPHYSICSSecondEditi
2、onROBERTG.FLEAGLEJOOSTA.BUSINGERDepartmentofAtmosphericSciencesUniversityofWashingtonSeattle,Washington@1980ACADEMICPRESSASubsidiaryofHarcourtBraceJovanovich,PublishersNewYorkLondonTorontoSydneySanFranciscoCOPYRIGHT©1980,BYACADEMICPRESS,INC.ALLRIGHTSRESERVED.NOPARTOFTHISPUBLIC
3、ATIONMAYBEREPRODUCEDORTRANSMITTEDINANYFORMORBYANYMEANS,ELECTRONICORMECHANICAL,INCLUDINGPHOTOCOPY,RECORDING,ORANYINFORMATIONSTORAGEANDRETRIEVALSYSTEM,WITHOUTPERMISSIONINWRITINGFROMTHEPUBLISHER.ACADEMICPRESS,INC.IIIFifthAvenue,NewYork,NewYork10003UnitedKingdomEditionpublishedbyA
4、CADEMICPRESS,INC.(LONDON)LTD.24/28OvalRoad,LondonNWI7DXLibraryofCongressCataloginginPublicationDataFleagle,RobertGuthrie,DateAnintroductiontoatmosphericphysics.(InternationalgeophysicsseriesBibliography:p.Includesindex.I.Atmosphere.1.Businger,JoostAlois,jointauthor.11.Title.II
5、I.Series.QC880.F531980551.580-766ISBN0-12-260355-9PRINTEDINTHEUNITEDSTATESOFAMERICA8081828398765432IContentsPrefacetoSecondEditionXlPrefacetoFirstEditionxiiiCHAPTERIGRAVITATIONALEFFECTS1.1FundamentalConcepts41.2LawofUniversalGravitation51.3Newton'sLawsofMotion61.4TheEarth'sGra
6、vitationalField71.5TheForceofGravity81.6Geopotential101.7SatelliteOrbits111.8HydrostaticEquation121.9DistributionofSeaLevelPressure161.10GravitationalTides18ListofSymbols21Problems22Solutions22GeneralReferences26CHAPTERIIPROPERTIESOFATMOSPHERICGASES2.1MolecularBehaviorofGases2
7、72.2CompositionofAir282.3ElementaryKineticTheory302.4EquationofStateofanIdealGas322.5TheVelocityDistributionofMolecules352.6TheAtmosphereinEquilibrium392.7ConservationofMass412.8ConservationofEnergy422.9FirstLawofThermodynamics442.10EquipartitionofEnergy462.11SpecificHeat472.1
8、2Entropy492.13IsentropicProcessesandPotentialTemperature502.1