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1、RecentAdvancesinNovelDrugDeliverySystemsRecentAdvancesinNovelDrugDeliverySystemsCostasKaparissides,SofiaAlexandridou,KaterinaKottiandSotiraChaitidouCopyrightAZoM.comPtyLtd.ThisisanAZoOpenAccessRewardsSystem(AZo-OARS)articledistributedunderthetermsoftheAZo–O
2、ARShttp://www.azonano.com/oars.aspwhichpermitsunrestricteduseprovidedtheoriginalworkisproperlycitedbutislimitedtonon-commercialdistributionandreproduction.stSubmitted:July1,2005thPosted:March25,2006DOI:10.2240/azojono0111TopicsCoveredIntroductionDrugDeliver
3、ySystemsDrugDeliveryCarriersAdministrationRoutesFutureOpportunitiesandChallengesReferencesContactDetailsIntroductionThemethodbywhichadrugisdeliveredcanhaveasignificanteffectonitsefficacy.Somedrugshaveanoptimumconcentrationrangewithinwhichmaximumbenefitisder
4、ived,andconcentrationsaboveorbelowthisrangecanbetoxicorproducenotherapeuticbenefitatall.Ontheotherhand,theveryslowprogressintheefficacyofthetreatmentofseverediseases,hassuggestedagrowingneedforamultidisciplinaryapproachtothedeliveryoftherapeuticstotargetsin
5、tissues.Fromthis,newideasoncontrollingthepharmacokinetics,pharmacodynamics,non-specifictoxicity,immunogenicity,biorecognition,andefficacyofdrugsweregenerated.Thesenewstrategies,oftencalleddrugdeliverysystems(DDS),arebasedoninterdisciplinaryapproachesthatcom
6、binepolymerscience,pharmaceutics,bioconjugatechemistry,andmolecularbiology.Tominimizedrugdegradationandloss,topreventharmfulside-effectsandtoincreasedrugbioavailabilityandthefractionofthedrugaccumulatedintherequiredzone,variousdrugdeliveryanddrugtargetingsy
7、stemsarecurrentlyunderdevelopment.Amongdrugcarriersonecannamesolublepolymers,microparticlesmadeofinsolubleorbiodegradablenaturalandsyntheticpolymers,microcapsules,cells,cellghosts,lipoproteins,liposomes,andmicelles.Thecarrierscanbemadeslowlydegradable,stimu
8、li-reactive(e.g.,pH-ortemperature-sensitive),andeventargeted(e.g.,byconjugatingthemwithspecificantibodiesagainstcertaincharacteristiccomponentsoftheareaofinterest).Targetingistheabilitytodirectthedrug-
