《批评言语行为研究》PPT课件

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1、SpeechActofCriticismPresentedbyXiaoJie1.TheNewOxfordDictionaryofEnglishdefinecriticismastheexpressionofdisapprovalofsomeoneorsomethingbasedonperceivedfaultsandmistakes.2.TheModernChineseDictionarygivesadefinitionofcriticismas:1.commentsonsomeone’smeritsandd

2、emerits;evaluationofsomeone’sstrengthandweakness;2.commentsonsomeone’smistakesandfaults.DefinitionObviously,thetwodefinitionsarestaticwithouttakingthedynamiccontextandpragmaticfunctionintofullaccount.Directcriticismisdirectexpressionofnegativeevaluationwith

3、outreservation.Itismostexplicitinspeaker’sintentiontocriticize,leavingnochancefortheinterlocutortomisunderstandit,sothatdirectcriticismisregardedasveryeffectivecriticismstrategy.Indirectcriticismmeansthattheillocutionaryforceofcriticismisutteredbymeansofthe

4、performanceofotherspeechacts,sothespeaker’srealintentioncanbepartiallyconcealed.criticismIndirectcriticismDirectcriticismThespeakertendtoaccepttheIndirectCriticismwhichmeansthattheillocutionaryforceofcriticismisutteredbymeansoftheperformanceofotherspeechact

5、s.The“FaceTheory”wasputforwardbyBrownandLevinson.“Face”canbedividedintotwokinds,andoneisthe“positiveface”whichisintheneedofpraiseandcomplimentfromotherpeople,theotheristhe“negativeface”whichavoidslosingfacebyinterferedanddisturbedbyotherpeople.FacetheoryGen

6、erallyspeaking,criticismisafacethreateningactwhichthreatsthehearer’spositiveface.Thereforethespeakeremployssomestrategiesinexpressingcriticism.Thespeaker’srealintentioniscanbepartiallyconcealedthusfacewantscanbesatisfiedtosomedegree.Researchersusuallyadopts

7、DiscourseCompletionTestandComparativeStudytocollectdata.Astothedata,intheperspectiveof“FaceTheory”,wecandividethemintoninegroups.Inthesameway,accordingtotheIndirectSpeechAct,wecandividethemintosevengroups.ResearchesintospeechactofCriticismBystatingtheintent

8、ions,thespeakermakehisattitudesandopinionsrealizedbytheaddressee.Itcanlessenthedistancebetweenthespeakerandlistener.forexample:(1)夏天是个多梦的季节我当学生的时候也在课堂上睡过觉学习是件辛苦的事情我特别理解大家的心情但是学生时代是学知识长本领的黄金时代无穷岁月增中减有趣学