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1、供应链中“牛鞭”效应的产生及其解决办法内容提要作为21世纪增强企业竞争力最主要的管理思想和方法之一,供应链管理目前已经受到了国内外学术界与企业界的普遍重视。供应链管理是将供应商、制造商、分销商、零售商等主体集成为一个网路,对这些具有不同目标主体之间的行为活动进行计划、协调、操作、控制和优化,使企业能够以最低的成本在准确的时间(RightTime)和准确的地点(RightPlace)准确的产品(RightProduct)送到客户手中。它不仅是一条物流链、资迅链和价值链,而是一条增值链。随着市场全球化和竞争的加剧,企业之间的竞争
2、已变成供应链之间的竞争,所以,如何提高整条供应链的增值能力,增强供应链的竞争力,成为各节点企业共同的目标,但是“牛鞭”效应的存在削弱了供应链的增值能力和竞争力。所以,企业之间必须协同合作,共同消除“牛鞭”效应,达到群体共存。本文从需求预测修正、价格波动、订货批量、短缺博弈、库存失衡、环境变异等方面分析“牛鞭”效应的产生原因,帮助企业制定有效的策略来减少它的消极影响。关键字:供应链供应链管理牛鞭效应-12-AbstractInnowadays21stcentury,asoneofthemajorideasandmethodso
3、fmanagement,SupplyChainManagementhasbeenuniversallyvaluedinthescholarshipworldandinthecircleofenterprisesathomeandabroad.SupplyChainManagementconcernstheconnectionofsuppliers.Manufacturesandretailersintoanetwork,hasbetweenthedifferentpoint-bodytothesethebehavioract
4、ivitytocarryontheplan,thecoordination,theoperation,thecontrolandtheoptimization,enablestheRightTimeandtheRightPlacetheRightProduct,deliversinthecustomerhandbythelowestcostintheaccuratetime.SupplyChainManagementisaLogisticsChain,anInformationChainandaValueChain.More
5、over,itisaValueIncreaseChain,withtheglobalizationofmarketsandthehardeningofCompetition,CompetitionbetweenenterpriseshasbecomeCompetitionsbetweenSupplyChains.So,howtostrengthenvalueincreaseandCompetitionofSupplyChainhasbecomethecommongoalofalltheenterprisesconcerned
6、.However,bull-whipeffectreducesthestrength.So,allenterprisesshouldcooperatetoeliminateinordertosurvivetogether.Thispapermakesananalysisofthecauseofbull-whipeffectintermsofcorrectionofdemandpredictions,pricefluefuation,orderamount,shortageproblem,stockinquilinous,en
7、vironmentvariation,etc,andintendstohelpenterprisestodevelopeffectiveschemestoreduceitsnegativeinfluence.Keywords:SupplyChain、SupplyChainManagement、Bull-whipEffect-12-目录一、“牛鞭”效应概述及其对企业造成的危害…………………………………………5(一)增加了生产成本……………………………………………………………………5(二)增加了库存成本…………………………………
8、…………………………………5(三)延长了供应链的补给供货期………………………………………………………6(四)提高了供应链的运输成本…………………………………………………………6(五)提高了供应链和送货与进货相关的劳动力成本…………………………………6(六)降低了供应链内产品的供给水平导致更