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1、DiscoveringtheMythofCultureLectureOutlineThedefinitionofcultureThelevelofcultureRelatedtermsofcultureThedifficultyofdefinitionThedifferencebetweensocialsciencesandphysicalsciences.Thecomplexofculture,thepervasivenessofculture古代文化，现代文化，官方文化，民间文化，精英文化，大众文化，神话文化、诗歌文化、戏剧文化、曲艺文化、音乐文化、绘画文化、影视
2、文化，饮食文化、花鸟文化、体育文化、酒文化、茶文化、服饰文化，丧葬及婚嫁文化、居住文化、园林文化、建筑文化、网络文化、科技文化、服饰文化、节事文化、武术文化WhatIsCulture？Cultureisthetotalaccumulationofbeliefs,customs,values,behaviors,institutionsandcommunicationpatternsthatareshared,learnedandpasseddownthroughthegenerationsinanidentifiablegroupofpeople.(Hall,E.19
3、77)Cultureisacollectiveprogrammingofthemindthatdistinguishesthemembersofonegrouporcategoryofpeoplefromanother(Hofstede,1997).CultureislikeanonionSymbolsarewords,gestures,pictures,orobjectsthatcarryaparticularmeaningwhichisonlyrecognizedbythosewhoshareaparticularculture.Newsymbolseasilyd
4、evelop,oldonesdisappear.Symbolsfromoneparticulargroupareregularlycopiedbyothers.Thisiswhysymbolsrepresenttheoutermostlayerofaculture.Heroesarepersons,pastorpresent,realorfictitious,whopossesscharacteristicsthatarehighlyprizedinaculture.TheyalsoserveasmodelsforbehaviorRitualsarecollectiv
5、eactivities,sometimessuperfluousinreachingdesiredobjectives,butareconsideredassociallyessential.(waysofgreetings,payingrespecttoothers,religiousandsocialceremonies,etc.).Thecoreofacultureisformedbyvalues.Theyarebroadtendenciesforpreferencesofcertainstateofaffairstoothers(good-evil,right
6、-wrong,natural-unnatural).Manyvaluesremainunconscioustothosewhoholdthem.Thereforetheyoftencannotbediscussed,norcantheybedirectlyobservedbyothers.Valuescanonlybeinferredfromthewaypeopleactunderdifferentcircumstances.Symbols,heroes,andritualsarethetangibleorvisualaspectsofthepracticesofac
7、ulture.Thetrueculturalmeaningofthepracticesisintangible;thisisrevealedonlywhenthepracticesareinterpretedbytheinsiders.concreteabstractvisibleinvisibleonstagebackstageSymbolHeroRitualValueMyunderstandingofcultureCultureistheinvisiblerulesthatagroupofpeoplefollowunconsciouslywhen
