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1、JournalofPowerSources,43-M(1993)47-6447Electrochemicalandspectroscopicstudiesofcarbonelectrodesinlithiumbatteryelectrolytesystems0.(Youngman)Chusid,Y.EinElyandD.Aurbach*DepartmentofChemise,Bar-HanUniversity,RamatGan52900(Israel)M.BabaiandY.CarmeliBaneryDivkion,Tadiran,P.O.Box75,
2、Rehovot76100(Israel)AbstractInthisworkwestudiedseveralparametersthatinfluencetheintercalationoflithiumionsintocarbons(e.g.carbontype,binderandsolutioncomposition).Thecarbonsinvestigatedincludedcarbonblacks(e.g.acetyleneblack,Ketjenblack),graphiteandcarbonfibers.Thesolventsusedin
3、thisstudyincludemethylformate,propyleneandethylenecarbonate,ethers(e.g.tetrahydrofuran)andtheirmixtures.ThesaltsincludedLiClO.,,LiAsF,andLiBF,.CO2wastestedasanadditive.Theelectrochemicalbehavioroftheelectrodesinsolutionswasfollowedbychronopotentiometryingalvanostaticcharge/disch
4、argecyclingandtheirsurfacechemistryinsolutionswasinvestigatedusingsurfacesensitiveFourier-transforminfraredspectroscopy(FT-IR)intransmittance,attenuatedtotalreflectanceanddiffusereflectancemodes.Itwasfoundthatthesolventsandsaltsarereducedonthecarbonelectrodesatlowpotentialstofor
5、msurfacefilms.Ingeneral,theirsurfacechemistryisquitesimilartothatoflithiumornoblemetalelectrodesatlowpotential(inthesamesolutions).Theelectrochemicalbehaviorofthecarbonelectrodesintermsofdegreeofintercalationanditsreversibilityisstronglyaffectedbytheirsurfacechemistry.Reversible
6、intercalationwasobtainedwithgraphiteinmethylformatesolutionscontainingCO2Somedegreeofreversibleintercalationwasalsoobtainedwithgraphiteinethers.Thepresenceofpropylenecarbonateinsolutionisdetrimentalforlithiumintercalationingraphite.Reversiblelithiumxarbonintercalationwasalsoobta
7、inedwithacetyleneblackandcarbonizedpolyacrylonitrile.Thebindertypeshaveastrongimpactontheelectrodesperformance.Preliminaryguidelinesforoptimizingtheperformanceofcarbonelectrodesasanodesinrechargeablelithiumbatterysystemsarediscussed.IntroductionSafetyandcycle-lifeproblemsrelated
8、tothelithiummetalanodesinambienttemperatureseco
