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1、Chapter25GovernmentandPolitics1.TheSystemofGovernment1-TheGovemmentCanada,aself-governingmemberoftheCommonwealthofNa-tions,isafederationof10provinces(Alberta,BritishColumbia,Manitoba,NewBrunswick,Newfoundland,NovaScotia,Ontario,PrinceEdwardIsland,Quebec,andSaskatchew
2、an)andtwoterrito-ries(NorthwestTerritoriesandYukon).TheCanadianfederalstatewasestablishedin1867.InthatyeartheBritishParliament,attherequestofthreeBritishcolonies(UnitedCanada,NovaScotiaandNewBrunswick),passedtheBritishNorthAmerica(Act)whichcreatedafederalunion.Canada
3、,atConfederation,wasmadeupoffourprovinces(UnitedCanadawasdividedintotheprovincesofOn-tarioandQuebec),whichhavebeenjoinedovertheyearsbysixad-ditionalprovincesandtwoterritories.naturalresources,civilrights,municipalgovernmentInestablishingafederalunion,theBritishNorthA
4、mericaActprovidedfortheseparationand,incertainareas,thesharingofpowers.TheFederalGovernmentwasassignedpowersinsuchareasasdefence,,customsandbordercontrol,currencyandcoinage,aswellascriminallawingeneral,thoseareasinvolvingtheinterestsofthewhole-country.Theprovincesrec
5、eivedexclusivejurisdictionovereducation,410and,generally,"allmattersofamerelylocalorprivatenatureintheVPprovince.Thetwolevelsofgovernmentweregrantedconcurrentpowersinmattersofagriculture,immigrationandtaxation.2.TheCanadianConstitutionAlthoughtheBritishNorthAmericaAc
6、tlaidthefoundationsofConfederationitdoesnotformtheentireCanadianConstitution.TheConstitutionalsocomprisesfundamentalacts,customsandpar-liamentarytraditionsofBritishorigin.Since1867anumberoftheseactsandtraditions,aswellasmanyprovisionsoftheBNAAct,havebeenmodified,amen
7、ded,repealedoraddedtobyCanada,sothattheCanadianConstitution,whilestillreflectingitsBritishori-gins,hasdevelopedonitsown.WiththepassingoftheConstitutionActof1982,cuttingthelastlegaltiebetweenCanadaandBritain,theactandtheConstitutionalamendingpowerweretransferredfromth
8、eBritishgovernmenttoCanadasothattheCanadianConsti-tutionisnowentirelyinthehandsoftheCanadians..WhentheConstitutionhastobeadaptedtot
